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Nonlinearity and noise at the rod—rod bipolar cell synapse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2010

E. BRADY TREXLER ,
ALEXANDER R.R. CASTI  and
YU ZHANG
E. BRADY TREXLER*
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai, New York, New York Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
ALEXANDER R.R. CASTI
Affiliation:
Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
YU ZHANG
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
*
*Address correspondence and reprint requests to: E. Brady Trexler, Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1183, New York, NY 10029. E-mail: brady.trexler@mssm.edu
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Abstract

In the retina, rod bipolar (RBP) cells synapse with many rods, and suppression of rod outer segment and synaptic noise is necessary for their detection of rod single-photon responses (SPRs). Depending on the rods’ signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the suppression mechanism will likely eliminate some SPRs as well, resulting in decreased quantum efficiency. We examined this synapse in rabbit, where 100 rods converge onto each RBP. Suction electrode recordings showed that rabbit rod SPRs were difficult to distinguish from noise (independent SNR estimates were 2.3 and 2.8). Nonlinear transmission from rods to RBPs improved response detection (SNR = 8.7), but a large portion of the rod SPRs was discarded. For the dimmest flashes, the loss approached 90%. Despite the high rejection ratio, noise of two distinct types was apparent in the RBP traces: low-amplitude rumblings and discrete events that resembled the SPR. The SPR-like event frequency suggests that they result from thermal isomerizations of rhodopsin, which occurred at the rate 0.033/s/rod. The presence of low-amplitude noise is explained by a sigmoidal input–output relationship at the rod—RBP synapse and the input of noisy rods. The rabbit rod SNR and RBP quantum efficiency are the lowest yet reported, suggesting that the quantum efficiency of the rod—RBP synapse may depend on the SNR in rods. These results point to the possibility that fewer photoisomerizations are discarded for species such as primate, which has a higher rod SNR.

Keywords

Retinal bipolar cellThermal isomerizationQuantum efficiencyPhotoreceptorConvergence
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 61 - 68
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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