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Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of primisulfuron and nicosulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) and corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Kent Gallaher ,
Thomas C. Mueller ,
Robert M. Hayes ,
Otto Schwartz  and
Michael Barrett
Kent Gallaher
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Robert M. Hayes
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Otto Schwartz
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Michael Barrett
Affiliation:
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
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Abstract

Broadleaf signalgrass is sensitive to nicosulfuron and resistant to primisulfuron, but corn is resistant to both. Research was conducted to determine the effect of varying light level and air temperature on absorption, translocation, and metabolism of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass and corn. Corn absorbed between 60 and 85% of the applied nicosulfuron and primisulfuron within 72 h after treatment (HAT), depending on environmental treatment. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism all tended to be more rapid at higher temperature and light intensity. Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron translocation out of the treated leaf was < 4.5% of herbicide absorbed through 72 HAT. Corn rapidly metabolized both herbicides in both environments. However, primisulfuron was metabolized more rapidly (high = 99%, low = 92%) than nicosulfuron (high = 95%, low = 78%). Broadleaf signalgrass absorbed 20% more nicosulfuron than primisulfuron through 72 HAT. Nicosulfuron translocation out of the treated leaf in broadleaf signalgrass was ≤ 15% absorbed through 72 HAT, while primisulfuron translocation was ≤ 4% during the same time period. Primisulfuron metabolism was more rapid than nicosulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass. During the first 4 HAT, broadleaf signalgrass metabolized > 20 times more primisulfuron than nicosulfuron. By 72 HAT, broadleaf signalgrass under conditions of high light and temperature had metabolized nearly 90% of the primisulfuron absorbed but ≤ 7% of the nicosulfuron absorbed was metabolized during the same time. These results suggest that differential activity of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron on broadleaf signalgrass may be based on differential rates of metabolism to nonphytotoxic compounds; uptake and translocation differences agree with the differential broadleaf signalgrass activity. Additionally, environment has the potential to affect rates of sulfonylurea absorption, translocation, and metabolism.

Keywords

Nicosulfuronprimisulfuroncorn (Zea mays L.) ‘DeKalb DK689’broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash]HPLC, absorption, translocation, metabolism

Information

Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 8 - 12
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Present address: Lipscombe University, Nashville, TN 37204

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