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Acclimation of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to Shading

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Prashant Jha ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Melissa B. Riley ,
Douglas G. Bielenberg  and
William Bridges Jr.
Prashant Jha*
Affiliation:
Clemson University, Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Melissa B. Riley
Affiliation:
Clemson University, Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, 120 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634
Douglas G. Bielenberg
Affiliation:
Clemson University, Departments of Horticulture and Biological Sciences, 152 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634
William Bridges Jr.
Affiliation:
Clemson University, Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, 243 Barre Hall, Clemson, SC 29634
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pjha@clemson.edu
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Abstract

Experiments were conducted to investigate the acclimation of Palmer amaranth to shading. Plants were grown in the field beneath black shade cloths providing 47 and 87% shade and in full sunlight (no shading). All photosynthetic measurements were taken 4 wk after initiating the shade treatments. Photosynthetic rates of Palmer amaranth grown under 47% shade increased with increasing photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) similar to 0% shade-grown plants. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates were predicted beyond the highest measured PAR of 1,200 µmol m−2 s−1 for plants grown under 0 and 47% shade. Plants acclimated to increased shading by decreasing light-saturated photosynthetic rates from 60.5 µmol m−2 s−1 under full sun conditions to 26.4 µmol m−2 s−1 under 87% shade. Plants grown under 87% shade lowered their light compensation point. Rate of increase in plant height was similar among shade treatments. Plants responded to increased shading by a 13 to 44% reduction in leaf appearance rate (leaf number growing degree days [GDD]−1) and a 22 to 63% reduction in main-stem branch appearance rate (main-stem branch number GDD−1) compared with full sunlight. Palmer amaranth specific leaf area increased from 68 to 97 cm2 g−1 as shading increased to 87%. Plants acclimated to 47% shade by increasing total leaf chlorophyll from 22.8 µg cm−2 in full sunlight to 31.7 µg cm−2 when shaded; however, the increase was not significant at 87% shading. Thus, it is concluded that Palmer amaranth shows photosynthetic and morphological acclimation to 87% or less shading.

Keywords

Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA.Chlorophyll contentdark respirationlight compensation pointphotosynthetic rateplant growth rateshade acclimation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 5 , October 2008 , pp. 729 - 734
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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