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The Critical Period of Weed Control in Faba Bean and Chickpea in Mediterranean Areas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Alfonso S. Frenda ,
Paolo Ruisi ,
Sergio Saia ,
Benedetto Frangipane ,
Giuseppe Di Miceli ,
Gaetano Amato  and
Dario Giambalvo
Alfonso S. Frenda
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
Paolo Ruisi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
Sergio Saia
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
Benedetto Frangipane
Affiliation:
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Loc. Corno d'Oro SS 18 km 77.7, Battipaglia (SA), Italy
Giuseppe Di Miceli
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
Gaetano Amato
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
Dario Giambalvo*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: dario.giambalvo@unipa.it
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Abstract

Weeds are often the major biological constraint to growing legume crops successfully, and an understanding of the critical period of weed control (CPWC) is important for developing environmentally sustainable weed management practices to prevent unacceptable yield loss. Therefore, we carried out two field experiments to identify the CPWC for two grain legume crops traditionally grown in Mediterranean areas: chickpea and faba bean. The experiments were conducted at two sites both located in the Sicilian inland (Italy). In chickpea, when weeds were left to compete with the crop for the whole cycle, the grain yield reduction was on average about 85% of the weed-free yield, whereas in faba bean the reduction was less severe (on average about 60% of the weed-free yield). The onset of the CPWC at a 5% yield loss level varied by species, occurring later in faba bean than in chickpea (on average, 261 and 428 growing degree days after emergence for chickpea and faba bean, respectively). In both species, the end of the CPWC occurred at the early full-flowering stage when the canopy of each crop enclosed the interrow space. On the whole, the CPWC at a 5% yield loss level ranged from 50 to 69 d in chickpea and from 28 to 33 d in faba bean. The results highlight the fact that faba bean has a higher competitive ability against weeds than chickpea. This could be attributable both to more vigorous early growth and to the plant's greater height, both factors related to a greater shading ability and, consequently, to a better ability to suppress weeds.

Keywords

Faba bean, Vicia faba L. var. minorchickpea, Cicer arietinum LCompetitiongrain legumestime of weed removalweed-free periodweed interference
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 61 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 452 - 459
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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