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Genetic Diversity and Spread of Thiobencarb Resistant Early Watergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides) in California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Maria D. Osuna ,
Miki Okada ,
Riaz Ahmad ,
Albert J. Fischer  and
Marie Jasieniuk
Maria D. Osuna
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780
Miki Okada
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780
Riaz Ahmad
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780
Albert J. Fischer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780
Marie Jasieniuk*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mjasien@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

Resistance to the thiocarbamates has been selected in early watergrass populations within the rice-growing region of California. To elucidate the processes contributing to the spread of resistance among rice fields, we characterized the genetic diversity and differentiation of thiobencarb-resistant (R) and thiobencarb-susceptible (S) populations across the Central Valley using microsatellite markers. A total of 406 individuals from 22 populations were genotyped using seven nuclear microsatellite primer pairs. Three analytical approaches (unshared allele, Shannon–Weaver, and allelic-phenotype statistics) were used to assess genetic diversity and differentiation in the allohexaploid species. Low levels of genetic variation were detected within populations, consistent with other highly selfing species, with S populations tending to be more diverse than R populations. FST values indicated that populations were genetically differentiated and that genetic differentiation was greater among S populations than R populations. Principal coordinate analysis generated two orthogonal axes that explained 88% of the genetic variance among early watergrass populations and differentiated populations by geographical region, which was associated with resistance phenotype. A Mantel test revealed that genetic distances between R populations were positively correlated with the geographical distances separating populations. Taken together, our results suggest that both short- and long-distance seed dispersal, and multiple local and independent evolutionary events, are involved in the spread of thiobencarb-resistant early watergrass across rice fields in the Sacramento Valley. In contrast, resistance was not detected in early watergrass populations in the San Joaquin Valley.

Keywords

Early watergrassEchinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch ECHORGenetic diversitygenetic differentiationmicrosatellite markersherbicide resistance
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 195 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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