Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T23:26:10.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Saflufenacil (Kixor™): Biokinetic Properties and Mechanism of Selectivity of a New Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Klaus Grossmann ,
Johannes Hutzler ,
Guenter Caspar ,
Jacek Kwiatkowski  and
Chad L. Brommer
Klaus Grossmann*
Affiliation:
BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
Johannes Hutzler
Affiliation:
BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
Guenter Caspar
Affiliation:
BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
Jacek Kwiatkowski
Affiliation:
BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
Chad L. Brommer
Affiliation:
BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: klaus.grossmann@basf.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Saflufenacil (Kixor™) is a new protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibiting herbicide for preplant burndown and selective PRE dicot weed control in multiple crops, including corn. The biokinetic properties and the mechanism of selectivity of saflufenacil in corn, black nightshade, and tall morningglory were investigated. After root treatment of plants at the third-leaf stage, the difference in the phytotoxic selectivity of saflufenacil in corn and the weed species has been quantified as approximately 10-fold. The plant species showed similar selectivity after foliar applications; the plant response to saflufenacil was approximately 100-fold more sensitive compared with a root application. PPO enzyme activity in vitro was inhibited by saflufenacil, a 50% inhibition lay in a concentration range from 0.2 to 2.0 nM, with no clear differences between corn and the weed species. Treatments of light-grown plants and dark-grown seedlings with [14C]saflufenacil revealed that the herbicide is rapidly absorbed by root and shoot tissue. The [14C]saflufenacil was distributed within the plant systemically by acropetal and basipetal movement. Systemic [14C]saflufenacil distribution can be explained by the weak acid character of saflufenacil and its metabolic stability in black nightshade and tall morningglory. Metabolism of [14C]saflufenacil in corn was more rapid than in the weeds. In addition, low translocation of root-absorbed [14C]saflufenacil in the corn shoot was observed. It is concluded that rapid metabolism, combined with a low root translocation, support PRE selectivity of saflufenacil in corn.

Keywords

Butafenacilflumioxazinsaflufenacilblack nightshade, Solanum nigrum L., SOLNIcorn, Zea mays L., ZEAMXtall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. PHBPUvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik., ABUTHHerbicide mechanism of selectivitymetabolismuptake and translocationprotoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitorsaflufenacil
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 290 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ashigh, J. and Hall, J. C. 2010. Bases for interactions between saflufenacil and glyphosate in plants. J. Agric. and Food Chem. 58:7335–7343.Google Scholar
Dayan, F. E. and Duke, S. O. 1997. Phytotoxicity of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors: phenomenology, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Pages 11–35 in Roe, R. M., Button, J. D., and Kuhr, R. J., eds. Herbicide Activity: Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Washington, DC IOS.Google Scholar
Grossmann, K. and Schiffer, H. 1999. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting activity of the new, wheat-selective isoindoledione herbicide, cinidon-ethyl. Pest. Sci. 55:687–695.Google Scholar
Grossmann, K., Niggeweg, R., Christiansen, N., Looser, R., and Ehrhardt, T. 2010. The herbicide saflufenacil (Kixor™) is a new inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity. Weed Sci. 58:1–9.Google Scholar
Hirai, K., Uchida, A., and Ohno, R. 2002. Major synthetic routes for modern herbicide classes and agrochemical characteristics. Pages 179–289 in Böger, P., Wakabayashi, K., and Hirai, K., eds. Herbicide Classes in Development. Berlin-Heidelberg Springer.Google Scholar
Jacobs, N. J. and Jacobs, J. M. 1982. Assay for enzymatic protoporphyrinogen oxidation, a late step in heme synthesis. Enzyme. 28:206–219.Google Scholar
Kleier, D. A., Grayson, B. T., and Hsu, F. C. 1998. The phloem mobility of pesticides. Pesticide Outlook, October. 1998:26–30.Google Scholar
Liebl, R., Walter, H., Bowe, S. J., Holt, T. J., and Westberg, D. E. 2008. BAS 800H: a new herbicide for preplant burndown and PRE dicot weed control. Weed Science Society of America Conference, Abstract 120. Lawrence, KS Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Linsmaier, E. M. and Skoog, F. 1964. Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 18:100–127.Google Scholar
Matringe, M., Camadro, J-M., and Brouillet, N. 1993. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase: the molecular target site for peroxidizing herbicides. Proc. Brighton Crop Protection Conf. Weeds. Pages 703–711.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, H. 2002. Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase: a brief update. Pages 151–161 in Böger, P., Wakabayashi, K., and Hirai, K., eds. Herbicide Classes in Development. Berlin-Heidelberg Springer.Google Scholar
Meazza, G., Bettarini, F., La Porta, P., Piccardi, P., Signorini, E., Portoso, D., and Fornara, L. 2004. Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel heterocyclic protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. Pest Manag. Sci. 60:1178–1188.Google Scholar
Nagano, E. 1999. Herbicidal efficacy of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. Pages 293–302 in Böger, P., and Wakabayashi, K., eds. Peroxidizing Herbicides. Berlin-Heidelberg Springer.Google Scholar
Senseman, S. A. 2007. Pages 191–218 in Senseman, S. A., ed. Herbicide Handbook. Lawrence, KS Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Soltani, N., Shropshire, C., and Sikkema, P. H. 2009. Response of corn to PRE and postemergence applications of saflufenacil. Weed Technol. 23:331–334.Google Scholar
Wakabayashi, K. and Böger, P. 1999. General physiological characteristics and mode of action of peroxidizing herbicides. Pages 164–190 in Böger, P., and Wakabayashi, K., eds. Peroxidizing Herbicides. Berlin-Heidelberg Springer.Google Scholar