Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:00:10.538Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Secondary seed dormancy prolongs persistence of volunteer canola in western Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert H. Gulden ,
Steven J. Shirtliffe  and
A. Gordon Thomas
Robert H. Gulden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8 Canada
A. Gordon Thomas
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2 Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In western Canada, little is known about the seedbank ecology of volunteer canola. Therefore, integrated recommendations for the management of this weed are limited. In this study, we investigated the seedbank persistence and seedling recruitment of two spring canola genotype groups with different secondary seed dormancy potentials under contrasting tillage systems. The study was conducted at two locations with different soils in the Mixed Moist Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. A single cohort seedbank was established in 1999 and was followed for 3 yr in successive wheat crops. In a separate laboratory study, the six canola genotypes examined were classified as those with high and those with medium potentials for the development of secondary seed dormancy (HD and MD, respectively). After one, two, and three winters, maximum persistence of 44, 1.4, and 0.2% of the original seedbank was observed among the treatments, respectively. In 2001, HD canola genotypes tended to exhibit 6- to 12-fold greater persistence than MD canola genotypes, indicating lower seedbank mortality in HD canola. Seedling recruitment of HD canola also was higher than MD canola when differences were observed between these genotype groups. Therefore, long-term seedbank persistence of canola can be reduced by growing genotypes with low inherent potential for the development of secondary seed dormancy. The proportion of persisting seeds tended to be higher under conventional tillage than under zero tillage because of lower seedbank mortality, but no clear distinction in seedbank persistence in terms of absolute time could be made between these two tillage systems. Volunteer canola seedling recruitment followed the pattern of a typical summer-annual weed, where seedling emergence was observed only during May and June.

Keywords

Canola, Brassica napus L.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Conventional tillagesecondary dormancyseedbank longevityseedling recruitmentzero tillage
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 6 , December 2003 , pp. 904 - 913
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Acton, D. F., Padbury, G. A., and Stushnoff, C. T. 1998. The Ecoregions of Saskatchewan. Winnipeg, MB: Hignell. Pp. 125–156.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci 44:46–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, D. R., Benoit, D. L., Murphy, S. D., and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Tillage effects on weed seed return and seedbank composition. Weed Sci 44:314–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Environment Canada. 2002. Canadian Climate Normals 1971 to 2000. www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/climate/climate_normals/show_normals_e.cfm?station_id=1473&prov=SK.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., and Dekker, J. et al. 1997. Weed seed bank emergence across the corn belt. Weed Sci 45:67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulden, R. H., Shirtliffe, S. J., and Thomas, A. G. 2000. Secondary dormancy in volunteer canola (Brassica napus). www.cwss-scm.ca/pdf/ECW2000Proceedings.pdf.Google Scholar
Gulden, R. H., Shirtliffe, S. J., and Thomas, A. G. 2003. Harvest losses of canola (Brassica napus) cause large seedbank inputs. Weed Sci 51:83–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutterman, Y. 1980/1981. Influences on seed germinability: phenotypic maternal effects during maturation. Isr. J. Bot 29:105–117.Google Scholar
Hall, L., Topinka, K., Huffman, J., Davis, L., and Good, A. 2000. Pollen flow between herbicide-resistant Brassica napus is the cause of multiple-resistant B. napus volunteers. Weed Sci 48:688–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkland, K. J. 1997. Implications of late fall and early spring 2,4-D applications on subsequent canola production on black, dark brown and gray wooded soil. Can. J. Plant Sci 77:699–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Légère, A., Simard, M. J., Thomas, A. G., Pageau, D., Lajeunesse, J., Warwick, S. I., and Derksen, D. A. 2001. Presence and persistence of volunteer canola in Canadian cropping systems. Pages 143–148 in Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Farnham, Great Britain: British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Lutman, P. J. W. 1993. The occurrence and persistence of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Asp. Appl. Biol 35:29–36.Google Scholar
Lutman, P. J. W. and López-Granados, F. 1998. The persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Asp. Appl. Biol 51:147–152.Google Scholar
Lutman, P. J. W., Risiott, R., and Ostermann, P. 1996. Investigations into alternative methods to predict the competitive effects of weeds on crop yields. Weed Sci 44:290–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulugeta, D. and Stoltenberg, D. E. 1997. Weed and seedbank management with integrated methods as influenced by tillage. Weed Sci 45:706–715.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C. 1994. Untersuchungen zur secondären Dormanz bei Raps (Brassica napus L). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 119 p.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Hewitt, J. D. J., and Lutman, P. J. W. 1998. Cultural control of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). J. Agric. Sci 130:155–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekrun, C. and Lutman, P. J. W. 1998. The influence of post-harvest cultivation on the persistence of volunteer oilseed rape. Asp. Appl. Biol 51:113–118.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Potter, T. C., and Lutman, P. J. W. 1997. Genotypic variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape and its impact on the persistence of volunteer rape. Pages 243–248 in Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Farnham, Great Britain: British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Phillips, P. W. B. and McNeil, H. 2000. Labelling for GM food: theory and practice. AgBioForum 3:219–224.Google Scholar
Rakow, G. and Woods, D. L. 1987. Outcrossing in rape and mustard under Saskatchewan prairie conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci 67:147–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlink, S. 1994. Ökologie der Keimung und Dormanz von Körneraps (Brassica napus L.) und ihre Bedeutung für eine Überdauerung der Samen im Boden. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 193 p.Google Scholar
Simard, M. J., Légère, A., Pageau, D., Lajeunesse, J., and Warwick, S. 2002. The frequency and persistence of volunteer canola (Brassica napus) in Quèbec cropping systems. Weed Technol 16:433–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sparrow, S. D., Conn, J. S., and Knight, C. W. 1990. Canola seed survival over winter in the field in Alaska. Can. J. Plant Sci 70:799–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A. G., Kelner, D., Wise, R. F., and Frick, B. L. 1997. Manitoba Weed Survey—Comparing Zero and Conventional Tillage Crop Production Systems 1994. Weed Survey Series Publication 97-1. Saskatoon, SK, Canada: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 130 p.Google Scholar
Wiles, L. J., Barlin, D. H., Schweizer, E. E., Duke, H. R., and Whitt, D. E. 1996. A new soil sampler and elutriator for collecting and extracting weed seeds from soil. Weed Technol 10:35–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar