Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:00:27.431Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed bank characterization and emergence of a weed community in a moldboard plow system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Dawit Mulugeta  and
David E. Stoltenberg
Dawit Mulugeta
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
David E. Stoltenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; destolte@facstaff.wisc.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to characterize the weed seed bank, to determine the influence of moldboard plowing and secondary soil disturbance on the emergence pattern of weeds, and to measure weed seed bank depletion by emergence in a long-term moldboard plow corn cropping system. Viable seeds of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and each of 10 other species accounted for about 85, about 9, and less than 1%, respectively, of the total weed species in the seed bank. A negative binomial distribution described the spatial distribution of viable seeds of 10 species, but not of common lambsquarters or of redroot pigweed. Decreased density of seeds among species was associated with increased aggregation. Secondary soil disturbance increased the rate and magnitude of common lambs quarters emergence in 1992 but did not influence emergence in 1993. Secondary soil disturbance did not influence the magnitude and rate of emergence of redroot pigweed or velvetleaf. Whereas cumulative growing degree days from April through July were similar between years, the amount of rainfall was about 50% less in 1992 than in 1993. Secondary soil disturbance may have increased common lambsquarters emergence by increasing the availability of soil moisture and improving conditions for seed germination during the dry year. Even though seed bank depletion by seedling emergence was relatively low for all species, secondary soil disturbance in creased seed bank depletion of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed about 7- and 3-fold, respectively, in 1992. Seasonal variation in the amount of rainfall may have influenced the effect of soil disturbance on emergence and seed bank depletion of common lambsquarters, which is the most abundant species in the weed community.

Keywords

Dispersion indicesgrowing degree daysnegative binomialrainfallsecondary soil disturbanceseed distributionABUTHAMARECHEALCommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3417’
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 54 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1985. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. Bioscience 35: 492–498.Google Scholar
Bassett, I. J. and Crompton, C. W. 1978. The biology of Canadian weeds. 32. Chenopodium album . Can. J. Plant Sci. 58: 1061–1072.Google Scholar
Benoit, D. L., Kenkel, N. C., and Cavers, P. B. 1989. Factors influencing the precision of soil seed bank estimates. Can. J. Bot. 67: 2833–2840.Google Scholar
Bigwood, D. W. and Inouye, D. W. 1988. Spatial pattern analysis of seed banks: an improved method and optimized sampling. Ecology 69: 497–507.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Mester, T. C. 1991. Effect of tillage system on the emergence depth of giant (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci. 39: 200–203.Google Scholar
Butts, R. A. and Schaalje, G. B. 1994. Spatial distribution of Fall populations of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in winter wheat. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 1230–1236.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Regnier, E., and Harrison, K. 1991. Long-term tillage effect of seed banks in three Ohio soils. Weed Sci. 39: 186–194.Google Scholar
Cavers, P. B. and Benoit, D. L. 1989. Seed banks in arable lands. in Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T., and Simpson, R. L., eds. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 309–328.Google Scholar
Chauvel, B., Gasquez, J., and Darmency, H. 1989. Changes of weed seed bank parameters according to species, time and environment. Weed Res. 29: 213–219.Google Scholar
Dessaint, F., Barralis, G., Caixinhas, M. L., Mayor, J. P., Recasens, J., and Zanin, G. 1996. Precision of soil seedbank sampling: how many soil cores? Weed Res. 36: 143–151.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. 1986. Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Rev. Weed Sci. 2: 67–89.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1991. Emergence periodicity of six summer annual weed species. Weed Sci. 39: 595–600.Google Scholar
Evans, E. 1953. Experimental evidence concerning contagious distributions in ecology. Biometrika 40: 186–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenner, M. 1995. Ecology of seed banks. in Kiget, J. and Galili, G., eds. Seed Development and Germination. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 507–528.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32: 29–38.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1993. Seedling emergence model for velvetleaf. Agron. J. 85: 929–933.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. and Buhler, D. D. 1994. Dynamic environmental regulation of secondary dormancy in summer annual weeds. in Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Plant Dormancy. Corvallis, OR. 192.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Renner, K. A., Dekker, J., Harvey, R. G., Alm, D. A., Buhler, D. D., and Cardina, J. 1992. Weed seed banks of the U.S. corn belt: magnitude, variation, emergence, and application. Weed Sci. 40: 636–644.Google Scholar
Gupta, S. C. 1985. Predicting corn planting dates for moldboard and no-tillage systems in the corn belt. Agron. J. 77: 446–455.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K. 1990. Interference and seed production of common lambs quarters (Chenopodium album) in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 38: 113–118.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. A., Alldredge, R., and Fisher, R. 1988. Spatial pattern of downy mildew in hop yards. Phytopathology 78: 1389–1395.Google Scholar
Johnson, G. A., Mortenson, D. A., Young, L. J., and Martin, A. R. 1995. The stability of weed seedling population models and parameters in eastern Nebraska corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) fields. Weed Sci. 43: 604–611.Google Scholar
Kovach, D. A., Thill, D. C., and Young, F. L. 1988. A water-spray system for removing seed from soil. Weed Technol. 2: 338–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, M. 1967. Mean crowding. J. Anim. Ecol. 36: 1–30.Google Scholar
Lowery, B. and Stoltenberg, D. K. 1996. Tillage systems and crop residue management impacts on soil physical properties: implications for weed management. in Hatfield, J. L., Buhler, D. D., and Stewart, B. L., eds. Weed Biology, Soil Management, and New Approaches to Weeds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis. In press.Google Scholar
Lyons, N. J. and Hutcheson, K. 1988. Measures of the dispersion of a population based on ranks. in McDoland, L., Manly, B., Lockwood, J., and Logan, J., eds. Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations. New York: Springer–Verlag, pp. 370–377.Google Scholar
Mortensen, D. A. and Coble, H. D. 1991. Two approaches to weed control decision-aid software. Weed Technol. 5: 445–452.Google Scholar
Ogg, A. G. and Dawson, J. H. 1984. Time of emergence of eight weed species. Weed Sci. 32: 327–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1981. Seed banks in the soil. Adv. Appl. Biol. 6: 1–55.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1984. Crop and weed emergence patterns in relation to time of cultivation and rainfall. Ann. Appl. Biol. 105: 263–275.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1972. Fate of seeds of some annual weeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed soil. Weed Res. 12: 316–324.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1990. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, 3rd ed. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 705 p.Google Scholar
Schweizer, E. E. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after rotation of crops and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32: 84–89.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. 1966. Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations. London: Methuen, pp. 6–56.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21: 574–580.Google Scholar
Swinton, S. M. and King, R. P. 1994. A bioeconomic model for weed management in corn and soybean. Agric. Syst. 44: 313–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waters, W. E. 1959. A quantitative measure of aggregation in insects. J. Econ. Entom. 52: 1180–1184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Tan, C. S., and Brain, P. 1988. Effect of temperature and soil moisture on time of emergence of tomatoes and four weed species. Can. J. Plant Sci. 68: 877–886.Google Scholar
Wicks, G. A. and Sommerhalder, B. R. 1971. Effect of seedbed preparation for corn on distribution of weed seed. Weed Sci. 19: 666–669.Google Scholar
Wiles, L. J., Oliver, G. W., York, A. C., Gold, H. J., and Wilkerson, G. G. 1992. Spatial distribution of broadleaf weeds in North Carolina soybean (Glycine max) fields. Weed Sci. 40: 554–557.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effect of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in the soil. Weed Sci. 40: 429–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanin, G., Berti, A., and Zuin, M. C. 1989. Estimation du stock semencier d'un sol labouré ou en semis direct. Weed Res. 29: 407–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar