Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:56:56.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sorption of Organic Compounds by Plant Cuticles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Martin J. Bukovac ,
Peter D. Petracek ,
Royal G. Fader  and
Ronald D. Morse
Martin J. Bukovac
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
Peter D. Petracek
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
Royal G. Fader
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
Ronald D. Morse
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Relevant data on the sorption of organic compounds by isolated plant cuticles are reviewed and discussed in relation to the foliar penetration process. The chemical properties and structure of plant cuticles favor sorption of lipophilic compounds and play an important role in the penetration of biologically active substances. With organic acid auxins 2,4-D and NAA, and methylene blue as molecular probes, concentration, pH, temperature, and surfactants were important factors affecting sorption. The constituent waxes of the cuticle markedly inhibit sorption of a wide range of organic compounds. Octoxynol surfactants that have 5 or 7.5 polyoxyethylene groups interact with the epicuticular wax to enhance the sorption of NAA. At sorption equilibrium, the cuticle has a lower affinity for methylene blue in the region usually rich in cuticular waxes and in a narrow band in the cuticular pegs.

Keywords

Apricot, Prunus armeniacacucumber, Cucumis sativusbitter orange, Citrus aurantiumKafir lily, Cliva miniataeggplant, Solanum melongenaolive, Olea europaeaoleander, Nerium oleanderpear, Pyrus communispepper, Capsicum annuumrubber plant, Ficus elasticatomato Lycopersicon esculentumNAA, (1-naphthyl)acetic acidmethylene blue, (3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenazathionium chlorideoctoxynol, α[p-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylphenyl]ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)BA, (N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amineIsotherm2,4-D, 2,4,5-TNAAmethylene bluetomato cuticlecuticular waxessurfactants
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 3 , May 1990 , pp. 289 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Attwood, D. and Florence, A. T. 1983. Surfactant Systems, their Chemistry, Pharmacy and Biology. Chapman and Hall, London. 794 pp.Google Scholar
2. Baker, E. A. 1971. Chemical and physical characteristics of cuticular membranes. Pages 55–65 in Preece, T. F. and Dickinson, C. H., eds. Ecology of Leaf Surface Microorganisms. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
3. Baker, E. A. 1982. Chemistry and morphology of plant epicuticular waxes. Pages 139–165 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., eds. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
4. Baker, E. A. and Bukovac, M. J. 1972. Characterization of the components of plant cuticles in relation to penetration of 2,4-D. Ann. Appl. Biol. 67:243–253.Google Scholar
5. Baker, E. A. and Parsons, E. 1971. Scanning electron microscopy of plant cuticles. J. Microsc. 94:39–49.Google Scholar
6. Baker, E. A., Bukovac, M. J., and Hunt, G. M. 1982. Composition of tomato fruit cuticle as related to fruit growth and development. Pages 33–44 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., eds. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
7. Bukovac, M. J. and Norris, R. F. 1966. Foliar penetration of plant growth substances with special reference to binding by cuticular surfaces of pear leaves. Pages 296–309 in Transporto delle Molecole Organiche nelle Piante. VI Simposio Internationale Agrochimica, Varenna, Italy.Google Scholar
8. Bukovac, M. J., Sargent, J. A., Powell, R. G., and Blackman, G. E. 1971. Studies on foliar penetration: VIII. Effects of chlorination on the movement of phenoxyacetic and benzoic acids through cuticles isolated from the fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum . J. Exp. Bot. 22:598–612.Google Scholar
9. Cardinal, J. R. and Mukerjee, P. 1978. Solvent effects on the ultraviolet spectra of benzene derivatives and naphthalene. Identification of polarity sensitive spectral characteristics. J. Phys. Chem. 82:1614–1619.Google Scholar
10. Clunie, J. S. and Ingram, B. T. 1983. Adsorption of nonionic surfactants. Pages 105–152 in Parfitt, G. D. and Rochester, C. H., eds. Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interface. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
11. Eckl, K. and Gruler, H. 1980. Phase transitions in plant cuticles. Planta 150:102–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Eglinton, G. and Hamilton, R. J. 1967. Leaf epicuticular waxes. Science 156:1322–1335.Google Scholar
13. Florence, A. T. and Gillan, J.M.N. 1975. Non-ionic surfactants and membrane transport of thioridazine in goldfish. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 27:152–159.Google Scholar
14. Franke, W. 1967. Mechanisms of foliar penetration of solutions. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 18:281–300.Google Scholar
15. Franke, W. 1971. The entry of residues into plants via ectodesmata (ectocythodes). Residue Rev. 38:81–115.Google Scholar
16. Frey-Wyssling, A. and Mulethaler, K. 1965. Ultrastructural Plant Cytology. Elsevier Publ. Co., New York. 377 pp.Google Scholar
17. Giles, C. H. and Smith, D. 1974. A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm. Part 1. Theoretical. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 47(3):755–765.Google Scholar
18. Giles, C. H., MacEwan, T. H., Nakhwa, S. N., and Smith, D. 1960. Studies in adsorption. Part XI. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms, and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids. J. Chem. Soc. 786:3973–3993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Gregg, S. J. and Sing, K.S.W. 1982. Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity. 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York. 303 pp.Google Scholar
20. Holloway, P. J. 1982. The chemical constitution of plant cutins. Pages 45–85 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., eds. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
21. Hunt, G. M. and Baker, E. A. 1987. Application of fluorescence microscopy, autoradiography and energy dispersive X-ray analysis to the study of pesticide deposits. Aspects Appl. Biol. 14, Studies of pesticide transfer and performance. Pages 113–125.Google Scholar
22. Kerler, F. and Schönherr, J. 1988. Accumulation of lipophilic chemicals in plant cuticles: Prediction from octanol/water partition coefficients. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17:1–6.Google Scholar
23. Kipling, J. J. 1965. Adsorption from Solutions of Non-electrolytes. Academic Press, New York. 328 pp.Google Scholar
24. Kolattukudy, P. E. 1981. Structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of cutin and suberin. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32:539–567.Google Scholar
25. Martin, J. T. and Juniper, B. E. 1970. The Cuticles of Plants. Edward Arnold, Ltd., London. 347 pp.Google Scholar
26. Mukerjee, P. 1971. Solubilization of benzoic acid derivatives by nonionic surfactants: Location of solubilizates in hydrocarbon core of micelles and polyoxyethylene mantle. J. Pharm. Sci. 60:1528–1531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Mukerjee, P. and Cardinal, J. R. 1978. Benzene derivatives and naphthalene solubilized in micelles. Polarity of microenvironment, location and distribution in micelles, and correlation with surface activity in hydrocarbon-water systems. J. Phys. Chem. 82:1620–1627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Norris, R. F. and Bukovac, M. J. 1968. Structure of the pear leaf cuticle with special reference to cuticular penetration. Am. J. Bot. 55:975–983.Google Scholar
29. Norris, R. F. and Bukovac, M. J. 1972. Influence of cuticular waxes on penetration of pear leaf cuticle by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Pestic. Sci. 3:705–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Orgell, W. H. 1955. The isolation of plant cuticle with pectic enzymes. Plant Physiol. 30:78–80.Google Scholar
31. Peters, L. 1975. Thermodynamics of dye sorption. Pages 163–236 in Bird, C. L. and Boston, W. S., eds. The Theory of Coloration of Textiles. White Rose Press, Ltd., London.Google Scholar
32. Price, C. E. 1982. A review of the factors influencing the penetration of pesticides through plant leaves. Pages 237–252 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., eds. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
33. Riederer, M. and Schönherr, J. 1984. Accumulation and transport of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in plant cuticles: I. Sorption in the cuticular membrane and its components. Ecotox. Environ. Safety 8:236–247.Google Scholar
34. Riederer, M. and Schönherr, J. 1985. Accumulation and transport of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in plant cuticles. II. Permeability of the cuticular membrane. Ecotox. Environ. Safety. 9:196–208.Google Scholar
35. Riederer, M. and Schönherr, J. 1986. Thermodynamic analysis of nonelectrolyte sorption in plant cuticles: The effects of concentration and temperature on sorption of 4-nitrophenol. Planta 169:69–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36. Riederer, M. and Schönherr, J. 1986. Covalent binding of chlorophenoxyacetic acids to plant cuticles. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15:97–105.Google Scholar
37. Riley, R. G. and Kolattukudy, P. E. 1975. Evidence for covalently attached p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in cutins and suberins. Plant Physiol. 56:650–654.Google Scholar
38. Roelofsen, P. A. 1952. On the submicroscopic structure of cuticular cell walls. Acta Bot. Neerl. 1:99–114.Google Scholar
39. Sandler, S. R. and Karo, W. 1977. Polymer Synthesis. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York. 400 pp.Google Scholar
40. Schönherr, J. 1976. Naphthaleneacetic acid permeability of citrus leaf cuticle. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 170:309–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Schönherr, J. and Bukovac, M. J. 1970. Preferential polar pathways in the cuticle and their relationship to ectodesmata. Planta 92:189–201.Google Scholar
42. Schönherr, J. and Bukovac, M. J. 1973. Ion exchange properties of isolated tomato fruit cuticular membrane: Exchange capacity, nature of fixed charges and cation selectivity. Planta 109:73–93.Google Scholar
43. Schönherr, J. and Huber, R. 1977. Plant cuticles are polyelectrolytes with isoelectric points around three. Plant Physiol. 59:145–150.Google Scholar
44. Schönherr, J. and Riederer, M. 1986. Plant cuticles sorb lipophilic compounds during enzymatic isolation. Plant Cell Environ. 9:459–466.Google Scholar
45. Shafer, W. E. 1988. Partition characteristics of benzyladenine in n-octanol. Plant Physiol. 86:111. (Abstr.).Google Scholar
46. Shafer, W. E. and Bukovac, M. J. 1987. Effect of acid treatment of plant cuticles on sorption of selected auxins. Plant Physiol. 83:652–656.Google Scholar
47. Shafer, W. E. and Bukovac, M. J. 1988. Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants: VI. Effects of surfactant concentration and mixtures on 2-(1-naphthyl)acetic acid sorption by tomato fruit cuticles. Pages 34–43 in Cross, B. and Scher, H., eds. Pesticide Formulation: Innovations and Developments. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
48. Shafer, W. E. and Bukovac, M. J. 1989. Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants. 7. Effects of Triton X-100 on sorption of 2-(1-naphthyl)acetic acid by tomato fruit cuticles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37: (in press).Google Scholar
49. Shafer, W. E. and Schönherr, J. 1985. Accumulation and transport of phenol, 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol in plant cuticles. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 10:239–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50. Shafer, W. E., Bukovac, M. J., and Fader, R. G. 1989. Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants. Part IV. Their sorption and effects on NAA partitioning into plant cuticles. Pages 39–49 in Chow, P.N.P., Grant, C. A., Hinshalwood, A. M., and Simundsson, E., eds. Adjuvants and Agrochemicals, Recent Development, Application, and Bibliography of Agro-Adjuvants. Vol. II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
51. Shafer, W. E., Morse, R. D., and Bukovac, M. J. 1988. Effect of pH and temperature on sorption of auxin by isolated tomato fruit cuticles. HortScience 23:204–206.Google Scholar
52. Shafer, W. E., Petracek, P. D., and Bukovac, M. J. 1987. Effect of surfactant on NAA and 6-BA sorption by enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticles. HortScience 22:65 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
53. Shafer, W. E., Petracek, P. D., and Bukovac, M. J. 1988. Sorption of the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) by enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticles. HortScience 23:744. (Abstr.).Google Scholar
54. Wattendorff, J. and Holloway, P. J. 1980. Studies on the structure and histochemistry of plant cuticles: The cuticular membrane of Agave americana L. in situ . Ann. Bot. 46:13–28.Google Scholar