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Wild oat (Avena fatua) habitat and water use in cereal grain cropping systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lee R. Van Wychen ,
Bruce D. Maxwell ,
Alvin J. Bussan ,
Perry R. Miller  and
Edward C. Luschei
Lee R. Van Wychen
Affiliation:
Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
Alvin J. Bussan
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Perry R. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
Edward C. Luschei
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Abstract

The advent of site-specific weed management has generated research aimed at predicting weed spatial distributions from existing weed maps or correlations with soil properties and edaphic factors. Forecasting the spatial distribution of annual weeds requires knowledge of fecundity, dispersal, management, and suitable habitat distribution. We hypothesized that wild oat habitat was limited by field-scale heterogeneity in plant-available water. We eliminated seed number and dispersal limitations by seeding wild oat in areas with and without historical wild oat patches in three similarly managed spring wheat fields that differed in soil properties and wild oat infestations and were situated within a 160-km radius of Great Falls, MT. Wild oat habitat was quantified by wild oat leaf area growth rate, mature shoot biomass, seeds produced per plant, biomass water use efficiency, and competitive ratio with spring wheat. Soil texture and plot elevation correlated with existing wild oat patch areas in individual fields, but no site properties consistently correlated with wild oat patch areas in all three fields. Soil water use (SWU) and almost all habitat-defining variables for wild oat were similar between historic patch and nonpatch areas. Wild oat grew and produced seed regardless of existing patch boundaries and field-scale heterogeneity in SWU. This research suggested that (1) wild oat habitat may be unlimited in cereal grain cropping systems of the Northern Great Plains and (2) soil properties are a poor predictor of weed distribution for a generalist such as wild oat.

Keywords

Wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAspring wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Competitive ratiodispersalfecunditymanagementspatial distributionwater use efficiency
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 3 , June 2004 , pp. 352 - 358
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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