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Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting, Herbicide-Resistant Rice Flatsedge (Cyperus iria): Cross-Resistance and Molecular Mechanism of Resistance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Dilpreet S. Riar ,
Parsa Tehranchian ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Vijay Nandula ,
Scott McElroy ,
Vibha Srivastava ,
Shu Chen ,
Jason A. Bond  and
Robert C. Scott
Dilpreet S. Riar*
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268
Parsa Tehranchian
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Vijay Nandula
Affiliation:
Crop Production Systems Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL
Vibha Srivastava
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Shu Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL
Jason A. Bond
Affiliation:
Delta Research and Extension Center, 82 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776
Robert C. Scott
Affiliation:
Extension Weed Science, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, P.O. Box 357, Lonoke, AR 72086
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: dsriar@dow.com
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Abstract

Overuse of acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides in rice has led to the evolution of halosulfuron-resistant rice flatsedge in Arkansas and Mississippi. Resistant accessions were cross-resistant to labeled field rates of ALS-inhibiting herbicides from four different families, in comparison to a susceptible (SUS) biotype. Resistance index of Arkansas and Mississippi accessions based on an R/S ratio of the lethal dose required for 50% plant mortality (LD50) to bispyribac-sodium, halosulfuron, imazamox, and penoxsulam was ≥ 21-fold. Control of Arkansas, Mississippi, and SUS accessions with labeled field rates of 2,4-D, bentazon, and propanil was ≥ 93%. An enzyme assay revealed that an R/S ratio for 50% inhibition (I50) of ALS for halosulfuron was 2,600 and 200 in Arkansas and Mississippi, respectively. Malathion studies did not reveal enhanced herbicide metabolism in resistant plants. The ALS enzyme assay and cross-resistance studies point toward altered a target site as the potential mechanism of resistance. Trp574–Leu amino acid substitution within the ALS gene was found in both Arkansas and Mississippi rice flatsedge accessions using the Illumina HiSeq platform, which corresponds to the mechanism of resistance found in many weed species. Field-rate applications of 2,4-D, bentazon, and propanil can be used to control these ALS-resistant rice flatsedge accessions.

Keywords

2,4-Dacetolactate synthasebentazonbispyribac-sodiumhalosulfuronimazamoxmalathionpropanilrice flatsedge, Cyperus iria Lrice, Oryza sativa L.ALS assayALS gene sequencingcytochrome P450 monooxygenase–based resistanceherbicide-resistance mechanismIllumina HiSeqrice flatsedge
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 748 - 757
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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