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ALS–Resistant Annual Sedge (Cyperus compressus) Confirmed in Turfgrass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Patrick E. McCullough ,
Jialin Yu ,
J. Scott McElroy ,
S. Chen ,
H. Zhang ,
Timothy L. Grey  and
Mark A. Czarnota
Patrick E. McCullough*
Affiliation:
Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
J. Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
S. Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
H. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Timothy L. Grey
Affiliation:
Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
Mark A. Czarnota
Affiliation:
Horticulture Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pmccull@uga.edu
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Abstract

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are widely used for POST control of sedges in turfgrass. A suspected resistant (R) biotype of annual sedge was collected from a bermudagrass turf in Georgia with a history of exclusive use of halosulfuron. Research was conducted to evaluate the resistance level of this biotype to halosulfuron, efficacy of ALS-inhibiting herbicides and other mechanisms of action for control, and the molecular and physiological basis for resistance. In greenhouse experiments, the halosulfuron rate required to reduce shoot biomass 50% in comparison with the nontreated at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) were 8 and > 1,120 g ai ha−1 for the S (susceptible) and R biotypes, respectively. Imazapic, sulfosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron reduced biomass of the S biotype greater than 60% at 8 WAT, but biomass was reduced less than 20% for the R biotype. Glufosinate, glyphosate, MSMA, and sulfentrazone reduced shoot biomass of the R biotype by 93, 86, 97, and 45%, respectively. In laboratory experiments, the halosulfuron concentration required to inhibit ALS activity by 50% in excised leaf tissues was 5.8 and > 1,000 μM for the S and R biotypes, respectively. Gene sequencing of the R biotype revealed a Pro-197-Ser substitution that confers resistance to ALS inhibitors. This is the first report of ALS-inhibitor resistance in annual sedge and herbicide resistance in a sedge species from a turfgrass system.

Keywords

GlufosinateglyphosatehalosulfuronimazapicMSMAsulfentrazonesulfosulfurontrifloxysulfuronannual sedge, Cyperus compressus L.bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.) × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-DavyEfficacymutationsedgesodturfsulfonylurea
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 33 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Dean Reichers, University of Illinois.

References

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