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ALS-Resistant Spotted Spurge (Chamaesyce maculata) Confirmed in Georgia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Patrick E. McCullough ,
J. Scott McElroy ,
Jialin Yu ,
Hui Zhang ,
Tyler B. Miller ,
Shu Chen ,
Christopher R. Johnston  and
Mark A. Czarnota
Patrick E. McCullough*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
J. Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
Hui Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Tyler B. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Shu Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Christopher R. Johnston
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
Mark A. Czarnota
Affiliation:
Horticulture Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pmccull@uga.edu
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Abstract

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Metsulfuron is used for POST control of spotted spurge in many warm-season turfgrasses. A suspected resistant (R) biotype of spotted spurge was collected from turfgrass in Georgia with a history of exclusive metsulfuron use. Research was conducted to evaluate the resistance level of this biotype to metsulfuron, efficacy of other mechanisms of action for control, and the molecular basis for resistance. Compared with a susceptible (S) biotype, the R biotype required >90 and >135 times greater metsulfuron rates to reach 50% injury and reduce biomass 50% from the nontreated, respectively. The R biotype was also resistant to trifloxysulfuron but was injured equivalent to the S biotype from dicamba, glyphosate, and triclopyr. Gene sequencing of the R biotype revealed a Trp574 to Leu substitution that has conferred resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in previous research. This is the first report of ALS resistance in spotted spurge. More importantly, this is the first report of a herbicide-resistant broadleaf weed from a turfgrass system in the United States.

Keywords

Metsulfuron-methylspotted spurge, Chamaesyce maculata (L.) SmallEfficacymutationsulfonylureaturfgrass
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 216 - 222
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Steven Seefeldt, University of Alaska at Fairbanks.

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