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Basis for Herbicide Resistance in Canadian Populations of Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hugh J. Beckie ,
Suzanne I. Warwick  and
Connie A. Sauder
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Suzanne I. Warwick
Affiliation:
AAFC, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, K.W. Neatby Building, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
Connie A. Sauder
Affiliation:
AAFC, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, K.W. Neatby Building, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hugh.beckie@agr.gc.ca
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Abstract

Wild oat is the second-most abundant, but most economically important, weed across the Canadian Prairies of western Canada. Despite the serious economic effects of resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) or acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors or both in this weed throughout the Northern Great Plains of North America, little research has examined the basis for herbicide resistance. We investigated target-site and nontarget-site mechanisms conferring ACC- and ALS-inhibitor resistance in 16 wild oat populations from across western Canada (four ACC-inhibitor resistant, four ALS-inhibitor resistant, and eight ACC- and ALS-inhibitor resistant). The ACC1 mutations were found in 8 of the 12 ACC inhibitor-resistant populations. The Ile1781Leu mutation was detected in three populations, the Trp2027Cys and Asp2078Gly mutations were in two populations each, and the Trp1999Cys, Ile2041Asn, Cys2088Arg, and Gly2096Ser substitutions were in one population each. Three populations had two ACC1 mutations. Only 2 of the 12 ALS inhibitor-resistant populations had an ALS target-site mutation—Ser653Thr and Ser653Asn substitutions. This is the first global report of ALS target-site mutations in Avena spp. and four previously undocumented ACC1 mutations in wild oat. Based on these molecular analyses, seedlings of five ACC + ALS inhibitor-resistant populations (one with an ACC1 mutation; four with no ACC or ALS mutations) were treated with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, followed by application of one of four ACC- or ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Malathion treatment often resulted in control or suppression of these populations, suggesting involvement of this enzyme system in contributing to resistance to both ACC and ALS inhibitors.

Keywords

Wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAACC1 gene sequencingACCase-inhibitor resistanceALS gene sequencingALS-inhibitor resistanceherbicide resistancemetabolism-based resistancetarget-site mutation
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 10 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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