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Characterization of PPO-Inhibitor–Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Response to Soil-Applied PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

R. Joseph Wuerffel ,
Julie M. Young ,
Joseph L. Matthews  and
Bryan G. Young
R. Joseph Wuerffel*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
Julie M. Young
Affiliation:
Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Joseph L. Matthews
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
Bryan G. Young
Affiliation:
Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rwuerff@gmail.com
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Abstract

Waterhemp resistance to foliar applications of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)–inhibiting herbicides has become increasingly disconcerting given the widespread distribution of glyphosate resistance. Fortunately, soil-residual PPO-inhibiting herbicides remain efficacious in waterhemp populations resistant to PPO-inhibiting herbicides; however, these herbicides should theoretically select for the resistant biotype as herbicide concentrations diminish in the soil. Accordingly, the objectives of this research were twofold: (1) evaluate the efficacy of three PPO-inhibiting herbicides, foliar- and soil-applied, on PPO-resistant (PPO-R) and PPO-susceptible (PPO-S) waterhemp, and (2) investigate the differential effects of PPO-inhibiting herbicides on an R biotype and an S biotype during several discrete developmental events relevant to soil–residual herbicide activity (i.e., radicle protrusion, radicle elongation, and waterhemp emergence). Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments indicated that the R biotype was least sensitive to the diphenylether herbicide fomesafen, followed by sulfentrazone and flumioxazin; however, fomesafen plus s-metolachlor improved soil-residual efficacy over fomesafen alone. Growth stage considerably influenced the R : S ratio, decreasing from 38× to 3.4×, when comparing ratios generated from foliar applications and soil-residual applications measuring radicle protrusion, respectively. Overall, this research supports the use of full soil-residual herbicide rates, reinforcing the importance of best management practices to manage the spread of herbicide resistance.

Keywords

Flumioxazinfomesafenglyphosates-metolachlorsulfentrazonetall waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer (syn. rudis) AMATA.common waterhemptall waterhempherbicide resistance
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 511 - 521
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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