Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:27:52.475Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) Seed Longevity and Seedling Emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rodrigo Figueroa ,
Douglas Doohan ,
John Cardina  and
Kent Harrison
Rodrigo Figueroa*
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 782-0436, Chile
Douglas Doohan
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
John Cardina
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
Kent Harrison
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rfe@uc.cl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Common groundsel is an alien annual weed that has become increasingly troublesome in many crops in Ohio. Understanding the periodicity of seedling emergence and longevity of seeds buried in the soil may help growers devise more efficient strategies to control common groundsel. Studies were conducted to determine the dormancy status of common groundsel seeds over 24 mo, and to describe the effect of tillage and fertilizer on the pattern of seedling emergence and the rate of depletion of seeds from the soil seed bank. Common groundsel seeds were collected (June 2000 and 2002) from sites along a 700-km transect from Kentucky to Michigan (39°1′ and 43°36′N, respectively). Seeds were cleaned and placed in nylon mesh bags for burial in a common garden. Every month for the following 24 mo, replicate bags from each location were exhumed. Germination was tested under alternating temperatures of 20 and 10 C, for 14 and 10 h day/night, respectively. Germination response at each sampling date was similar regardless of seed source, but differed for the 2000 to 2002 and 2002 to 2004 experiments. Laboratory germination of seeds buried was initially high (98%) and declined rapidly to about 20% by midwinter. Germination increased to about 60% during the second summer, followed by a slow decline to 40% during winter and another rapid decline before the third summer. The rapid declines in germination were preceded by low soil temperatures (<5 C) and the germination peaks corresponded with periods of high soil temperatures (∼ 20 C). Results suggested that common groundsel follows a cycle of dormancy and nondormancy corresponding to decreases and increases, respectively, in soil temperature. During 2 yr of deep burial in undisturbed soil, 94% of the seeds germinated or died, suggesting that common groundsel seeds may not persist more than a few months in regularly disturbed soils.

Keywords

Common groundsel, Senecio vulgaris L. SENVUSeed burialperiodicity of germinationseed dormancyseed bank
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 187 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agamalian, H. S. 1983. Competition of annual herbs in broccoli. Pages 192. in. Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science. Volume 36. Las Cruces, NM Western Society of Weed Science.Google Scholar
Agresti, A. 2002. Categorical data analysis. 2nd ed. New York Wiley. 84–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldrich Markham, S. 1994. Common groundsel: Senecio vulgaris L. Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension Publication No. 466. Pages 4.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego Academic Press. 27–47.Google Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R. A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B. C., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops. 67:105–122.Google Scholar
Brenchley, W. E. and Warrington, K. 1930. The weed seed population on arable soil. I. Numerical observation of viable seeds and observations on their natural dormancy. J. Ecol. 18:235–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, D. R., Benoit, D. L., Murphy, S. D., and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Tillage effects on weed seed return and seedbank composition. Weed Sci. 44:314–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figueroa, R. and Doohan, D. J. 2002. Germination response of six common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) weed collections to temperature and burial. WSSA Abstracts. 42:82–83.Google Scholar
Fogelberg, F. 1999. Night-time soil cultivation and intra-row brush weeding for weed control in carrots (Daucus carota). Biol. Agric. Hortic. 39:469–479.Google Scholar
Hilton, J. R. 1983. The influence of light on the germination of Senecio vulgaris L. New Phytol. 94 (1):29–37.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. World weeds: Natural histories and distribution. New York Wiley. 740–750.Google Scholar
Karssen, C. M. 1980. Patterns of change in dormancy during burial of seeds in soil. Isr. J. Bot. 29:65–73.Google Scholar
Norris, R. 1981. Weed competition in seedling alfalfa. 31st Weed Science Society of America Conference. in.Google Scholar
Popay, A. I. and Roberts, E. H. 1970a. Ecology of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. and Senecio vulgaris L. in relation to germination behaviour. J. Ecol. 50 (1):123–129.Google Scholar
Popay, A. I. and Roberts, E. H. 1970b. Factors involved in the dormancy and germination of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. and Senecio vulgaris L. J. Ecol. 58 (1):103–122.Google Scholar
Ren, Z. and Abbott, R. J. 1991. Seed dormancy in Mediterranean Senecio vulgaris L. New Phytol. 117 (4):673–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1964. Emergence and longevity in cultivated soil of seeds of some annual weeds. Weed Res. 4:296–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1982. Seasonal patterns of weed emergence. Asp. Appl. Biol. 1:153–154.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Chancellor, R. J. 1968. The changing population of viable weed seeds in an arable soil. Weed Res. 8:253–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Chancellor, R. J. 1979. Periodicity of seedling emergence and achene survival in some species of Carduus, Cirsium and Onopordum . J. Appl. Ecol. 16:641–647.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1973. Emergence and longevity of seeds of annual weeds in cultivated and undisturbed soil. J. Appl. Ecol. 10:133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D. E., O'Donovan, J. T., Sharma, M. P., Doohan, D. J., and Figueroa, R. 2003. The biology of Canadian weeds. 123. Senecio vulgrais L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83:629–644.Google Scholar
Rozijn, N. A. M. G. and Van Andel, J. 1985. Analysis of the germination syndrome of dune annuals. Flora. 177:175–185.Google Scholar
Thompson, A. J., Jones, N. E., and Blair, A. M. 1997. The effect of temperature on viability of imbibed weed seeds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 130:123–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zorner, P. S., Zimdahl, R. L., and Schweizer, E. E. 1984. Sources of viable seed loss in buried dormant and non-dormant populations of wild oat (Avena fatua) seed in Colorado. Weed Res. 24:143–150.Google Scholar