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Confirmation of a Three-Way (Glyphosate, ALS, and Atrazine) Herbicide-Resistant Population of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Michigan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2017

Jonathon R. Kohrt ,
Christy L. Sprague ,
Satya Swathi Nadakuduti  and
David Douches
Jonathon R. Kohrt
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Professor, Postdoctoral Research Associate, and Professor, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Christy L. Sprague*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Professor, Postdoctoral Research Associate, and Professor, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Satya Swathi Nadakuduti
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Professor, Postdoctoral Research Associate, and Professor, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
David Douches
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Professor, Postdoctoral Research Associate, and Professor, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: sprague1@msu.edu
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Abstract

The failure of PRE and POST applications of atrazine to control Palmer amaranth in recent field studies prompted further investigation to determine whether this population had evolved resistance to multiple herbicide sites of action, including glyphosate (Group 9), thifensulfuron (Group 2), and atrazine (Group 5). Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to: (1) confirm the presence of resistance to glyphosate, an ALS inhibitor (thifensulfuron), and atrazine in a single Palmer amaranth population; and (2) establish the molecular basis for resistance to these herbicide sites of action. In the greenhouse, glyphosate+thifensulfuron+atrazine at 1.26 kg ae ha−1+0.0044 kg ai ha−1+1.12 kg ai ha−1 provided 55% control of the suspected multiply resistant (MR) Palmer amaranth population and 93% control of the known susceptible population (S). The decreased sensitivity of the MR population compared with the S population at labeled use rates of these herbicides indicated that this population was likely resistant to three different herbicide site of action groups. The RF values for POST applications of glyphosate, thifensulfuron, and atrazine were 12.2, 42.9, and 9.3 times, respectively, for the MR Palmer amaranth population relative to the S population. The RF value for atrazine PRE for the MR population was 112.2 times. Laboratory experiments confirmed that the mechanisms for resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate in the MR Palmer amaranth population were target-site based, via amino acid substitution and amplified EPSPS copy number, respectively. There was a Pro to Leu substitution at site 197 in the ALS inhibitor–resistant plants, and there was a greater than 50-fold increase in EPSPS copy number in the glyphosate-resistant plants. There were no nucleotide changes in the psbA gene; therefore, atrazine resistance in this population was not target-site mediated. The evolution of this multiple herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth population poses significant management challenges to Michigan farmers.

Keywords

AtrazineglyphosatethifensulfuronPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.Acetolactate synthasegene amplificationmechanism of resistancemolecular analysisresistance factorthree-way resistance
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , May 2017 , pp. 327 - 338
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Ramon G. Leon, University of Florida.

References

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