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Controlled experiments to predict horseweed (Conyza canadensis) dispersal distances

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joseph T. Dauer ,
David A. Mortensen  and
Robert Humston
David A. Mortensen
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Robert Humston
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450
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Abstract

Controlled-environment experiments were conducted to predict the dispersal distance of horseweed seed. Seed were released from a fixed height and collected at three distances from the introduction point along a 6-m wind tunnel. Dispersal potential was assessed at wind speeds of 8 and 16 km hr−1 and release heights of 50.8 and 76.2 cm. In separate experiments, settlement velocity was determined to be 0.323 m sec−1 (SD = 0.0687). These data were used to parameterize a mechanistic model and compared to a quantile extrapolation (QE) of wind-tunnel results. The QE method predicted a greater mean dispersal distance than the mechanistic model, with large disparities between maximum dispersal distances. Quantile extrapolation predicted dispersal distances over 100 m, whereas the mechanistic model predicted a maximum distance of approximately 30 m. Air turbulence within the wind tunnel and complex dynamics of seed flight may have contributed to the discrepancy between models. Predicting the mean and numerical distribution of seed dispersal distance is crucial when estimating the spread of wind-dispersed seed and for the design of a field-sampling protocol. Although controlled-environment experiments lack the wind variability present in natural systems, predictions from wind-tunnel studies provide a better first approximation of dispersal distance than the mechanistic model. Field experiments designed on the basis of these outcomes are more likely to capture the true dispersal distribution. This should provide more accurate data to inform management decisions for wind-dispersed species.

Keywords

Horseweed, Conyza canadensis L. Cronq., ERICALong-distance dispersalwind dispersalsettlement velocityglyphosate resistanceseed movement
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 484 - 489
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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