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Conventional vs. Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems in Ontario: Weed Control, Diversity, and Yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert H. Gulden ,
Peter H. Sikkema ,
Al S. Hamill ,
Francois Tardif  and
Clarence J. Swanton
Robert H. Gulden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
Peter H. Sikkema
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Al S. Hamill
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, 2585 Country Road 20, ON N0R 1G0, Canada
Francois Tardif
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Clarence J. Swanton*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: cswanton@uoguelph.ca
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops have been adopted rapidly since their commercial introduction, and with the increase in commercially available crops resistant to glyphosate, continuous use of the same herbicide mode of action is now possible in some crop rotations. A 6-yr study was initiated to investigate the effects of conventional herbicides compared with continuous use of glyphosate in GR or Roundup Ready corn and GR soybean in a corn–soybean and a corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation. Individual experiments were fully phased and established at three locations under conventional tillage (CT) and at two locations under no-tillage (NT). Results indicated that midseason weed ground cover was lower when weeds were controlled with glyphosate; however, in most cases, this did not result in improved corn or soybean yields. Within locations, species richness, which strongly influenced other diversity indicators, was most affected by the herbicide treatments. Including winter wheat in the crop rotation had little effect on corn and soybean weed ground cover, density, and community structure and only affected soybean yield. Moreover, no effects of herbicide system used in previous corn and soybean were observed in winter wheat, with the exception of species diversity in NT, where species diversity tended to be greater when weeds in previous corn and soybean were treated with conventional herbicides. After 6 yr, the effects of continuous use of GR crops in rotation were similar to those reported in previous studies; however, continued monitoring and longer-term investigations of these systems are necessary to detect the early stages of development of herbicide-resistant biotypes.

Keywords

Glyphosatecorn, Zea mays L. ZEAMXsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr GLXMAwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. TRZAWGlyphosate-resistantcornsoybeanwinter wheatrotationyield stabilitybroad-leaved controlgrass controlRoundup Ready
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 6 , December 2009 , pp. 665 - 672
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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