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Cover Crop Residues—Effects on Germination and Early Growth of Annual Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ulla M. E. Didon ,
Anna-Karin Kolseth ,
David Widmark  and
Paula Persson
Ulla M. E. Didon
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7043, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Anna-Karin Kolseth*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7043, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
David Widmark
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7043, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Paula Persson
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7043, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: anna-karin.kolseth@slu.se
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Abstract

There is an increasing interest in the use of cover crops in agriculture, in Sweden mainly for the use as catch crops to reduce nitrogen leakage. Some of these crops are known for their allelopathic abilities, which may play a role in the control of weeds and contribute to reduced herbicide use. This study aimed to explore the possible suppressive effect of the cover crop species white mustard, fodder radish, rye, and annual ryegrass on the early growth of the weed species silky windgrass, shepherd's-purse, and scentless false mayweed. In a greenhouse experiment using fresh cover crop residues, white mustard was the only crop that showed an effect. It reduced both seedling establishment, by 51 to 73%, and biomass, by 59 to 86%, of shepherd's-purse and scentless false mayweed. In contrast, in a growth chamber experiment using frozen material, mean germination time of silky windgrass was extended by 20 to 66% by all cover crops. Also, three out of four cover crops reduced root growth in scentless false mayweed by 40 to 46%, and two out of four cover crops reduced root growth in shepherd's-purse by 13 to 61%. However, considering seedling survival, white mustard was the most prominent cover crop, reducing survival by 21 to 57% in shepherd's-purse and scentless false mayweed. In this paper we provide evidence that different weed species show different response to different cover crops under climatic conditions prevailing in Scandinavia. Such results emphasize the importance of understanding weed–cover crop interactions as necessary for developing cropping systems that can utilize cover crops to suppress local weed flora.

Keywords

Annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum Wittm. ‘Botrus’fodder radish, Raphanus sativus L. ‘Adios’silky windgrass, Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv.rye, Secale cereale L. ‘Amilo’scentless false mayweed, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Laínzshepherd's-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.white mustard, Sinapis alba L. ‘Architect’.Allelopathyearly root growthseedling viabilityweed managementweed suppression
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 294 - 302
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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