Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:33:49.673Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Vernalization: Variation and Genetic Controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2018

Nevin C. Lawrence ,
Amber L. Hauvermale  and
Ian C. Burke
Nevin C. Lawrence*
Affiliation:
Former: Doctoral Research Associate, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; current: Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 4502 Avenue I, Scottsbluff, NE, USA
Amber L. Hauvermale
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Ian C. Burke
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Nevin C. Lawrence, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4502 Avenue I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361. (E-mail: nlawrence2@unl.edu)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a widely distributed invasive winter annual grass across western North America. Bromus tectorum phenology can vary considerably among populations, and those differences are considered adaptively significant. A consensus hypothesis in the literature attributes the majority of observed differences in B. tectorum phenology to differing vernalization requirements among populations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify differences in B. tectorum vernalization requirements and link vernalization to expression of annual false-brome [Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv.]-derived vernalization gene homolog (BdVRN1). Results from this study indicate that variation in time to flowering is partially governed by differing vernalization requirements and that flowering is linked to the expression of BdVRN1.

Keywords

J. Anita Dille, Kansas State UniversityPhenology
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , May 2018 , pp. 310 - 316
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ball, DA, Frost, SM, Gitelman, AI (2004) Predicting timing of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) seed production using growing degree days. Weed Sci 52:518–524 Google Scholar
Chen, A, Dubcovsky, J (2012) Wheat TILLING mutants show that the vernalization gene VRN1 down-regulates the flowering repressor VRN2 in leaves but is not essential for flowering. PLoS Genet 8:1–13 Google Scholar
Chouard, P (1960) Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 11:191–238 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockram, J, Chiapparino, E, Taylor, SA, Stamati, K, Donini, P, Laurie, DA, O’Sullivan, DM (2007) Haplotype analysis of vernalization loci in European barley germplasm reveals novel VRN-H1 alleles and a predominant winter VRN-H1/VRN-H2 multi-locus haplotype. Theor Appl Genet 115:993–1001 Google Scholar
Fu, D, Szucs, P, Yan, L, Helguera, M, Skinner, JS, Von Zitzewitz, J, Hayes, PM, Dubcovsky, J (2005) Large deletions within the first intron in VRN-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat. Mol Genet Genomics 273:54–65 Google Scholar
Greenup, A, Peacock, WJ, Dennis, ES, Trevaskis, B (2009) The molecular biology of seasonal flowering-responses in Arabidopsis and the cereals. Ann Bot 103:1165–1172 Google Scholar
Hemming, MN, Peacock, WJ, Dennis, ES, Trevaskis, B (2008) Low-temperature and daylength cues are integrated to regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T in barley. Plant Physiol 147:355–366 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, SY, Seo, PJ, Yang, MS, Xiang, F, Park, CM (2008) Exploring valid reference genes for gene expression studies in Brachypodium distachyon by real-time PCR. BMC Plant Biol 8:112 Google Scholar
Hulbert, L (1955) Ecological studies of Bromus tectorum and other annual bromegrasses. Ecol Monogr 25:181–213 Google Scholar
Klemmedson, JO, Smith, JG (1964) Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Bot Rev 30:226–262 Google Scholar
Lawrence, NC, Hauvermale, AL, Dhingra, A, Burke, IC (2017) Population structure and genetic diversity of Bromus tectorum within the small grain production region of the Pacific Northwest. Ecol Evol 7:8316–8328 Google Scholar
Martin, R, Liu, P, Nonogaki, H (2005) Simple purification of small RNAs from seeds and efficient detection of multiple microRNAs expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds. Seed Sci Res 15:319–328 Google Scholar
Meyer, SE, Nelson, DL, Carlson, SL (2004) Ecological genetics of vernalization response in Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae). Ann Bot 93:653–663 Google Scholar
Morrow, LA, Stahlman, PW (1984) The history and distribution of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in North America. Weed Sci 32(Suppl 1):2–6 Google Scholar
Novak, S, Mack, R, Soltis, P (1993) Genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae): introduction dynamics in North America. Can J Bot 71:1441–1448 Google Scholar
Oliver, SN, Finnegan, EJ, Dennis, ES, Peacok, WJ, Trevaskis, B (2009) Vernalization-induced flowring in cereals is associated with changes in histone methylation at the VERNALIZATION1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:8386–8391 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ornate-Sanchez, L, Vicente-Carajosa, J (2008) DNA-free RNA isolation protocols for Arabidopsis thaliana, including seeds and siliques. BMC Res Notes 1:93 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.orgGoogle Scholar
Ramakrishnan, AP, Meyer, SE, Fairbanks, DJ, Coleman, CE (2006) Ecological significance of microsatellite variation in western North American populations of Bromus tectorum . Plant Species Biol 21:61–73 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ream, TS, Woods, DP, Schwartz, CJ, Sanabria, CP, Mahoy, JA, Walters, EM, Kaeppler, HF, Amasino, RM (2014) Interaction of photoperiod and vernalization determines flowering time of Brachypodium distachyon . Plant Physiol 164:694–709 Google Scholar
Rice, K, Mack, R (1991a) Ecological genetics of Bromus tectorum. I. A hierarchical analysis of phenotypic variation. Oecologia 88:77–83 Google Scholar
Rice, KJ, Mack, RN (1991b) Ecological genetics of Bromus tectorum. III. The demography of reciprocally sown populations. Oecologia 88:91–101 Google Scholar
Ritz, C, Streibig, JC (2005) Bioassay analysis using R. J Stat Softw 12:1–22 Google Scholar
Schwartz, CJ, Doyle, MR, Manzaneda, AJ, Rey, PJ, Mitchell-Olds, T, Amasino, RM (2010) Natural variation of flowering time and vernalization responsiveness in Brachypodium distachyon . BioEnergy Res 3:38–46 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, JW, Meyer, SE, Merrill, KR, Anderson, VJ (2010) Local population differentiation in Bromus tectorum L. in relation to habitat-specific selection regimes. Evol Ecol 24:1061–1080 Google Scholar
Soreng, RJ, Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Davidse, G, Zuloaga, FO, Judziewicz, EJ, Filgueiras, TS, Davis, JI, Morrone, O (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). J Syst Evol 53:117–137 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srikanth, A, Schmid, M (2011) Regulation of flowering time: All roads lead to Rome. Cell Mol Life Sci 68:2013–2037 Google Scholar
Strofer, A, Murphy, MA, Evans, JS, Golberg, CS, Robinson, S, Spear, SF, Dezzani, R, Delmelle, E, Vierling, L, Waits, LP (2007) Putting the “landscape” in landscape genetics. Heredity 98:128–142 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szucs, P, Skinner, JS, Karsai, I, Cuesta-Marcos, A, Haggard, KG, Corey, AE, Chen, THH, Hayes, PM (2007) Validation of the VRN-H2/VRN-H1 epistatic model in barley reveals that intron length variation in VRN-H1 may account for a continuum of vernalization sensitivity. Mol Genet Genomics 277:249–261 Google Scholar
Takahashi, R, Yasuda, S (1971) Genetics of earliness and growth habit in barley. Pages 388–408 in Nilan RA, ed. Proceedings of the Second International Barley Genetics Symposium. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press Google Scholar
Thill, DC, Beck, KG, Callihan, RH (1984) The biology of downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci 32(Suppl 1):7–12 Google Scholar
Trevaskis, B, Hemming, MN, Peacock, WJ, Dennis, ES (2006) HvVRN2 responds to daylength, whereas HvVRN1 is regulated by vernalization and developmental status. Plant Physiol 140:1397–1405 Google Scholar
Yan, L, Fu, D, Li, C, Blechl, A, Tranquilli, G, Bonafede, M, Sanchez, A, Valarik, M, Yasuda, S, Dubcovsky, J (2006) The wheat and barley vernalization gene VRN3 is an ortholog of FT . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:19581–19586 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, L, Loukoianov, A, Tranquilli, G, Helguera, M, Fahima, T, Dubcovsky, J (2003) Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1 . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:6263–6268 Google Scholar
Von Zitzewitz, J, Szucs, P, Dubcovsky, J, Yan, L, Francia, E, Pecchioni, N, Casas, A, Chen, THH, Hayes, PM, Skinner, JS (2005) Molecular and structural characterization of barley vernalization genes. Plant Mol Biol 59: 449–467 Google Scholar