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Effect of Seeding Rate on Weed-Suppression Activity and Yield of Indica and Tropical Japonica Rice Cultivars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2017

David R. Gealy  and
Sara Duke
David R. Gealy*
Affiliation:
Research Plant Physiologist, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USDA-ARSStuttgart, AR 72160
Sara Duke
Affiliation:
Area Statistician, USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Area, College Station, TX 77845
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: david.gealy@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Weeds are ubiquitous and economically damaging in southern U.S. rice systems. Barnyardgrass has consistently been one of the most prevalent and troublesome of these. Although most rice cultivars do not suppress weeds dramatically, certain Indica cultivars and commercial hybrids are known to suppress barnyardgrass aggressively in conventional, drill-seeded rice systems in the southern United States. A field study was conducted to determine the degree to which either reducing or increasing standard seeding rates would affect natural suppression of weeds by conventional inbred and weed-suppressive cultivars. Five cultivars were evaluated at three seeding rates (160 [low], 320 [medium; conventional recommendation for inbred cultivars], and 480 [high] seeds m−2) and two weed levels (weed-free and weedy). Cultivars included a conventional, non–weed suppressive long-grain, ‘Wells’; high-tillering weed-suppressive cultivars ‘PI312777,’ ‘Rondo,’ and ‘4612’ from Asia; and the commercial hybrid ‘XL723.’ Overall, PI 312777 produced the most tillers, whereas XL 723 exhibited the greatest midseason shoot biomass and the greatest weed suppression. Yields of PI 312777 and 4612, both of which are Indica cultivars considered to be good weed suppressors, changed minimally across all seeding rates when compared with the other cultivars and thus tolerated weeds at the low rate nearly as well as at the high rate. Such a tolerance to weeds might be useful in the maintenance of weed suppression at reduced rice-seeding rates and suggests that reduced seeding rates of PI 312777 and 4612 would be less risky for yield loss when compared with the other cultivars tested. Visual suppression ratings were positively correlated with rice yield within weed-infested plots, suggesting that yield performance under weed pressure might be a good indicator of weed-suppression ability of cultivars in these systems. In contrast with PI 312777 and 4612, yields of the conventional inbred cultivar and commercial hybrid appeared to benefit from the high seeding rate. Overall, moderate to high seeding rates are likely to be needed for consistent weed suppression for all of the cultivar types evaluated in this study.

Keywords

Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.rice, Oryza sativa L.Allelopathic ricecrop–weed interferencehybrid riceIndica riceseeding densitytropical Japonica riceweed-suppressive rice.
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 65 , Issue 5 , September 2017 , pp. 659 - 668
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, 806 Texas A&M University

References

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