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Effect of tillage on microbial characteristics and herbicide degradation in a Sharkey clay soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Simone Seifert ,
David R. Shaw ,
Robert M. Zablotowicz ,
Richard A. Wesley  and
William L. Kingery
Simone Seifert
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
Robert M. Zablotowicz
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
Richard A. Wesley
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS, Application and Production Technology Research, Stoneville, MS 38776
William L. Kingery
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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Abstract

Field and laboratory studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS, from 1996 to 1998 to determine the influence of subsoiling (SS) and conventional tillage (CT) of a Sharkey clay soil on microbial characteristics and herbicide degradation. Soil samples obtained from imazaquin-treated and nontreated plots from the soybean row and interrow position were analyzed. Because only the row position is actually disturbed by SS, a comparison of row and interrow position on the parameter was conducted. Imazaquin (preemergence, 140 g ai ha−1) had no effect on microbial populations, microbial enzyme activity (fluorescein diacetate [FDA] hydrolysis and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride [TTC] dehydrogenase), and organic carbon content. Estimates of microbial activity based on FDA hydrolysis and TTC dehydrogenase activity indicated greater activity under CT; however, microbial biomass and organic carbon were not affected by tillage or row position. A laboratory study assessed the degradation of carboxyl- and ring-labeled 2,4-D as influenced by tillage and row position. Soils from CT plots had an initially higher mineralization rate of 14C carboxyl-labeled 2,4-D compared to soils from SS plots; however, no effect of tillage or row position was observed on the cumulative amount of 14CO2 evolved 14 d after treatment (DAT) in 1996 and 18 DAT in 1998. In studies with ring-labeled 2,4-D, a higher 14CO2 evolution was detected in soils obtained from SS plots, regardless of row position, whereas a greater amount of radioactivity was observed in the unextractable fraction from CT soils. Because differences in 2,4-D mineralization between tillage regimes were minimal, adoption of SS as a tillage practice for heavy clay soils in the Mississippi Delta may have a limited effect on microbial characteristics and biodegradation of soil-applied herbicides.

Keywords

2,4-D2,4-DCP, 2,4-dichlorophenolimazaquinFDA, fluorescein diacetateTTC, triphenyl-tetrazolium chloridesoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrEnzymatic activitymicrobial metabolismsubsoiling
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 49 , Issue 5 , October 2001 , pp. 685 - 693
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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