Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:33:51.486Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of mechanical damage on cheat (Bromus secalinus) caryopsis anatomy and germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Reonna R. Slagell Gossen ,
Ronald J. Tyrl ,
Marilyne Hauhouot ,
Thomas F. Peeper ,
P. Larry Claypool  and
John B. Solie
Reonna R. Slagell Gossen
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
Ronald J. Tyrl
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
Marilyne Hauhouot
Affiliation:
Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
P. Larry Claypool
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
John B. Solie
Affiliation:
Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A hammer mill removed most of the lemmas, paleas, and pericarps from cheat florets. Typically, the cuticular layer of the testa was the only remaining intact layer, and damage to the embryos and endosperm was severe. A roller mill disrupted tissue organization of lemmas, paleas, and outer layers of the caryopses primarily at the cuts. Large gaps between the aleurone layer and testa, between testa and pericarp, and between the scutellum and endosperm were created. In the field, germination of mill-damaged florets was reduced, and florets exhibited progressive degradation the longer they were buried. Nematodes and fungi penetrated the cuticular layer of mill-damaged seed. Attaching a hammer mill or a roller mill to a grain combine to treat cheat seed before it is returned to the field could provide a novel method of cheat control.

Keywords

Cheat, Bromus secalinus L. BROSEFloretsfungihammer millnematodesroller mill
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , April 1998 , pp. 249 - 257
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ahlgren, G. H., Fiske, J. G., and Dotzenk, A. 1950. Viability of Bromegrass seed as affected by dehulling and by storage in fertilizer. Agron. J. 42: 336–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, L.A.T. 1964. Germination. Pages 73–75 in Barnard, C., ed. Grasses and Grasslands. New York: Macmillan & Co.Google Scholar
Barnard, C. 1964. Form and structure. Pages 47–72 in Barnard, C., ed. Grasses and Grasslands. New York: Macmillan & Co.Google Scholar
Beal, W. J. 1897. Bromus secalinus germinating on ice. Bot. Gaz. 23: 204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradbeer, J. W. 1988. Seed Dormancy and Germination. New York: Chapman and Hall. 146 p.Google Scholar
Brown, W. 1960. Morphology of the grass embryo. Phytomorphology 10: 215–233.Google Scholar
Burton, G. W. 1939. Scarification studies on southern grass seeds. Agron. J. 31: 179–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, I. M. and Miller, D. A. 1995. Natural herbicide potential of alfalfa residue on selected weed species. Agron. J. 87: 920–925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, G. 1981. Staining Procedures. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 512 p.Google Scholar
Clayton, W. D. and Renvoize, S. A. 1986. Genera Graminum. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 389 p.Google Scholar
Cook, R. and Yeates, G. W. 1993. Nematode pests of grassland and forage crops. Pages 305–350 in Evans, K., Trudgill, D. L., and Webster, J. M., eds. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture. Wallingford, Great Britain: CAB International.Google Scholar
Cowly, B. and Towers, B. 1941. Johnsongrass, crabgrass, wild morningglory, yellow starthistle. Proc. Assoc. Off. Seed. Anal. Ann Arbor, MI: Edwards Brothers. 106 p.Google Scholar
Esau, K. 1977. Anatomy of Seed Plants. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 550 p.Google Scholar
Ferreira, K. L., Peeper, T. F., and Epplin, F. M. 1990. Economic returns from cheat (Bromus secalinus) control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 4: 306–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnerty, D. W. and Klingman, D. L. 1962. Life cycles and control studies of some weed bromegrasses. Weeds 10: 40–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franetovich, L. M. and Peeper, T. F. 1995. Quinclorac for cheat (Bromus secalinus) control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 9: 131–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, F. W. and Shaw, R. B. 1983. Grass Systematics. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. 397 p.Google Scholar
Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. 2nd ed., revised by Chase, A. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture Misc. Pub. 200. pp. 47–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, M. L., Weston, L. A., Snyder, J. C., and Regnier, E. E. 1996. Allelopathic influences of germinating seeds and seedlings of cover crops on weed species. Weed Sci. 44: 579–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, W. G. 1995. Plant Physiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 454 p.Google Scholar
Leukel, R. W. 1957. Nematode Disease of Wheat and Rye. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture Farmer's Bull. 1607. pp. 3–8.Google Scholar
Lorenzi, H. J. and Jeffery, L. S. 1987. Weeds of the United States and Their Control. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 355 p.Google Scholar
Morrow, L. A. and Stahlman, P. W. 1984. The history and distribution of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in North America. Weed Sci. 32(Suppl. 1): 2–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalewaja, J. D. 1982. Weeds in wheat production. Pages 112–115 in National Wheat Research Conference Proceedings. Washington, DC: National Association of Wheat Growers Foundation.Google Scholar
Reeder, J. R. 1957. The embryo in grass systematics. Am. J. Bot. 44: 756–768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rost, T. L. 1973. The anatomy of the caryopsis coat in mature caryopses of the yellow foxtail grass (Setaria lutescens). Bot. Gaz. 134(1): 32–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rost, T. L. and Lersten, N. R. 1973. A synopsis and selected bibliography of grass caryopsis anatomy and fine structure. Iowa. State J. Res. 48: 47–87.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M. 1990. Seed Dormancy in Grasses. New York: Cambridge University Press. 297 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinbauer, G. P. and Grigsby, B. H. 1957. Field and laboratory studies on the dormancy and germination of the seeds of chess (Bromus secalinus L.) and downy bromegrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Weeds 5: 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 1991. Plant Physiology. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin/Cummings. 559 p.Google Scholar