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The Effects of Temperature and Rainfall on Emergence and Growth of Eight Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Emily S. Nussbaum ,
Allen F. Wiese ,
Donald E. Crutchfield ,
Ellis W. Chenault  and
Dwane Lavake
Emily S. Nussbaum
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Allen F. Wiese
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Donald E. Crutchfield
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Ellis W. Chenault
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Dwane Lavake
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
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Abstract

From 1976 to 1981, emergence date, height, and dry weight per plant were taken for eight weed species grown at Bushland, TX, at two stand densities. Height and dry weight per plant were related to precipitation and degree-days for air and soil temperatures using base temperatures of 10, 15.5, or 21 C. Kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. ♯ KCHSC] emerged early in March and was followed by poison suckleya [Suckleya suckleyana (Torr.) Rydb. ♯ SUKSU], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ♯ HELAN), and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr. ♯ XANPE) in early April. Buffalobu(Solanum rostratum Dunal. ♯ SOLCU), puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L. ♯ TRBTE), lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexa Hornem. ♯SALRE), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv. ♯ECHCG) emerged in late April. The weeds began to increase in height during May but plants did not start increasing in weight until June. Kochia, common cocklebur, and sunflower grew tallest, produced most dry matter, made most efficient use of water, and weighed most per plant. Heat unit accumulations were strongly correlated with plant height.

Keywords

Growth analysisplant densitydegree daysEchinochloa crus-galliHelianthus annuusKochia scopariaSalvia reflexaSolanum rostratumSuckleya suckleyanaTribulus terrestrisXanthium pensylvanicumECHCGHELANKCHSCSALRESOLCUSURSUTRBTESUKSU
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , March 1985 , pp. 165 - 170
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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