Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T02:40:08.975Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Efficacy and Rate of Release of EPTC and Butylate from Starch Encapsulated Formulations Under Greenhouse Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

M. M. Schreiber ,
B. S. Shasha ,
M. A. Ross ,
P. L. Orwick  and
D. W. Edgecomb Jr.
M. M. Schreiber
Affiliation:
Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric. Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ.
B. S. Shasha
Affiliation:
Sci. Ed. Admin. U.S. Dep. Agric., North. Reg. Res. Center, Peoria, IL 61604
M. A. Ross
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
P. L. Orwick
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
D. W. Edgecomb Jr.
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Four starch-encapsulated formulations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and of butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) were prepared and evaluated by comparison with their respective emulsifiable concentrate formulations for their slow-release capabilities and efficacies. Chemical and biological evaluation indicated that difference in controlled-release could be achieved by the selection of the starch xanthate and oxidant used in the formualtion process. EPTC and butylate released slower when formulated as starch-encapsulated granules than when formulated as emulsifiable concentrates under soil conditions that favored rapid release. The initial release was adequate for weed control and slow enough for desired residual activity. Repeated seeding and harvesting the treated soils and bioassays of treated soils generally produced release rate anticipated from short term dry and wet chemical tests.

Keywords

Slow releasecontrolled release
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 26 , Issue 6 , November 1978 , pp. 679 - 686
Copyright
Copyright © 1978 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Allen, G. G., Chopra, C. S., Neogi, A. N., and Wilkins, R. M. 1971. Controlled release pesticides. Part II. The synthesis of herbicides. Forest solid waste combinations. Tappi 54:1293–1294.Google Scholar
2. Ashton, F. M. and Sheets, T. J. 1959. The relationship of soil adsorption of EPTC to oat injury in various soil types. Weeds 7:88–90.Google Scholar
3. Burt, G. W. 1976. Factors affecting thiocarbamate injury to corn. II. Soil incorporation, seed placement, cultivar, leaching, and breakdown. Weed Sci. 24:324–330.Google Scholar
4. Burt, G. W. and Akinsorotan, A. O. 1976. Factors affecting thiocarbamate injury to corn. I. Temperature and soil conditions. Weed Sci. 24:319–321.Google Scholar
5. Danielson, L. L., Gentner, W. A., and Jansen, L. L. 1961. Persistence of soil-incorporated EPTC and other carbamates. Weeds 9:463–476.Google Scholar
6. Feldmesser, J., Shasha, B. S., and Doane, W. M. 1976. Nematicides in starch for controlled release. Proc. Int. Controlled Release Pestic. Symp. Univ. of Akron, 6.18–6.29.Google Scholar
7. Gray, R. A. 1965. A vapor trapping apparatus for determining the loss of EPTC and other herbicides from soils. Weeds 13:138–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Gray, R. A. and Weierich, A. J. 1965. Factors affecting the vapor loss of EPTC from soil. Weeds 13:141–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Gray, R. A. and Weierich, A. J. 1968. Leaching of five thiocarbamate herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 16:77–79.Google Scholar
10. Hauser, E. W., Butler, J. L., Shepherd, J. L., and Parham, S. A. 1966. Response of yellow nutsedge, Florida pursley and peanuts to thiocarbamate herbicides as affected by method of placement in soil. Weed Res. 6:338–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Horowitz, M. 1966. A rapid bioassay for PEBC and its application in volatilization and adsorption studies. Weed Res. 6:22–36.Google Scholar
12. Koren, E., Foy, C. L., and Ashton, F. M. 1969. Adsorption, volatility, and migration of thiocarbamate herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 17:148–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Mehltretter, C. L., Roth, W. B., Weakley, F. B., McQuire, T. A., and Russell, C. R. 1974. Potential controlled-release herbicides from 2,4-D esters of starch. Weed Sci. 22:415–418.Google Scholar
14. Schreiber, M. M. 1976. Efficacy and persistence of starch encapsulated EPTC. Proc. North Central Weed Control Conf. 31:143.Google Scholar
15. Shasha, B. S., Doane, W. M., and Russell, C. R. 1976. Starch encapsulated pesticides for slow release. J. Polymer Sci. 14:417–420.Google Scholar
16. Siegmann, A., Narkis, M., and Tirosh, N. 1977. Slow release of herbicides from polymeric granules. Proc. Israel-France Symp. 1975. Behavior of Pestic. in Soil. Spec. Publ. No. 82, pp. 40–41.Google Scholar
17. Smith, A. E. and Verma, B. P. 1977. Weed control in nursery stock by controlled release of alachlor. Weed Sci. 25:175–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Waldrep, T. W. and Freeman, J. F. 1964. EPTC injury to corn as affected by depth of incorporation in the soil. Weeds 12:315–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Wauchope, R. D., Chandler, J. M., and Savage, K. E. 1977. Soil sample variation and herbicide incorporation uniformity. Weed Sci. 25:193–196.Google Scholar