Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:33:51.518Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emergence and persistence of seed of velvetleaf, common waterhemp, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Douglas D. Buhler  and
Robert G. Hartzler
Robert G. Hartzler
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Annual emergence and seed persistence of common waterhemp, velvetleaf, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail were characterized in central Iowa for 4 yr following burial of seeds collected and buried in autumn 1994. First-year emergence as a percentage of the original seed bank ranged from 5 to 40%, and the relative order was common waterhemp < velvetleaf < giant foxtail < woolly cupgrass. During the second and third years, there were no differences in percent emergence among species, with emergence percentages ranging from 1 to 9% of the original seed bank. During the fourth year, seedlings continued to emerge from only the velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed banks. A greater percentage of common waterhemp seed persisted each year and 12% of the original seed was recovered after 4 yr of burial. Five percent of the velvetleaf was recovered at the end of the fourth year. No woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail seed was recovered after the third and fourth years. The proportion of the seed that was accounted for from year to year through emergence and seed recovery varied by species and year. Total recovery of velvetleaf ranged from 61 to 87%, common waterhemp from 50 to 81%, woolly cupgrass from 29 to 79%, and giant foxtail from 23 to 79%. Based on the results of this research, velvetleaf and common waterhemp form more persistent seed banks than woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail. Therefore, woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail should be more amenable to management through seed bank depletion than velvetleaf and common waterhemp.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATAgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFAvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTHwoolly cupgrass, Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth ERBVISeed bankseed persistenceseedling emergenceABUTHAMATAERBVISETFA
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 49 , Issue 2 , April 2001 , pp. 230 - 235
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bridgemohan, P., Brathwaite, A. I., and McDavid, C. R. 1991. Seed survival and patterns of seedling emergence of Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton in cultivated soils. Weed Res. 31:265–272.Google Scholar
Brust, G. E. and House, G. J. 1988. Weed seed destruction by arthropods and rodents in low-input soybean agroecosystems. Am. J. Altern. Agric. 3:19–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1999. Weed population responses to weed control practices. II. Residual effects on weed populations, control, and soybean yield. Weed Sci. 47:423–426.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1998. Weed seed bank dynamics: implications to weed management. J. Crop Prod. 1:145–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., Forcella, F., and Gunsolus, J. L. 1997. Relative Emergence Sequence for Weeds of Corn and Soybeans. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension Bull. SA-11. p. 4.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Maxwell, B. D. 1993. Seed separation and enumeration from soil using K2CO3-centrifugation and image analysis. Weed Sci. 41:298–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Moomaw, R. S., Roeth, F. W., Wicks, G. A., and Wilson, R. G. 1986. Weed seed demise in soil in weed-free corn (Zea mays) production across Nebraska. Weed Sci. 34:248–251.Google Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Wilson, R. G., Weisberg, S., and Hubbard, K. G. 1996. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska. Weed Sci. 44:74–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavers, P. B. 1983. Seed demography. Can. J. Bot. 61:3678–3590.Google Scholar
Doub, J. P., Wilson, H. P., Hines, T. E., and Hatzios, K. K. 1988. Consecutive annual applications of alachlor and metolachlor to continuous no-till corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 36:340–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1991. Emergence periodicity of six summer annual weed species. Weed Sci. 39:595–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Dekker, J., et al. 1997. Weed seedbank emergence across the corn belt. Weed Sci. 45:67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Renner, K. A., Dekker, J., Harvey, R. G., Alm, D. A., Buhler, D. D., and Cardina, J. A. 1992. Weed seedbanks of the U.S. cornbelt: magnitude, variation, emergence, and application. Weed Sci. 40:636–644.Google Scholar
Hager, A. G., Wax, L. M., Simmons, F. W., and Stoller, E. W. 1997. Waterhemp management in agronomic crops. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Bull. X855. p. 12.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. G. 1996. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) population dynamics following a single year's seed rain. Weed Technol. 10:581–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartzler, R. G., Buhler, D. D., and Stoltenberg, D. E. 1999. Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species. Weed Sci. 47:578–584.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. G. and Roth, G. W. 1993. Effect of prior year's weed control on herbicide effectiveness in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 7:611–614.Google Scholar
Hinz, J.R.R. and Owen, M.D.K. 1997. Acetolactate synthase resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) population. Weed Technol. 11:13–18.Google Scholar
Kennedy, A. C. 1999. Soil microorganisms for weed management. J. Crop Prod. 2:123–138.Google Scholar
Kremer, R. J. 1993. Management of weed seed banks with microorgamisms. Ecol. Appl. 3:42–52.Google Scholar
Lueschen, W. E., Andersen, R. N., Hoverstad, T. R., and Kanne, B. R. 1993. Seventeen years of cropping systems and tillage affect velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed longevity. Weed Sci. 41:82–86.Google Scholar
Murdock, A. J. and Ellis, R. H. 1992. Longevity, viability, and dormancy. Pages 193–229 In Fenner, M., ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, Great Britain: CAB International.Google Scholar
Owen, M.D.K. 1990. Woolly cupgrass biology and management. Pages 61–72 In Proceedings of the Crop Production Conference. Volume 2. Ames, IA: Iowa State University.Google Scholar
Owen, M.D.K., Hartzler, R. G., and Lux, J. 1993. Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) in corn (Zea mays) with chloracetamide herbicides. Weed Technol. 7:925–929.Google Scholar
Pullins, D. C. 1995. Influence of Tillering on Postemergence Control of Woolly Cupgrass [Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth]. . Iowa State University, Ames, IA. 39 p.Google Scholar
Schuh, J. F. and Harvey, R. G. 1991. Carbamothioate and chloroacetamide herbicides for woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 5:331–336.Google Scholar
Strand, O. E. and Miller, G. R. 1980. Woolly cupgrass—a new weed threat in the midwest. Weeds Today (Fall):16.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M., Cardina, J., and Norquay, H. M. 1998. Tillage and seed depth effects on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) emergence. Weed Sci. 46:76–82.Google Scholar