Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:45:05.320Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Endogenously induced secondary dormancy in seeds of Striga hermonthica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gualbert Gbèhounou ,
Arnold H. Pieterse  and
Jos A. C. Verkleij
Arnold H. Pieterse
Affiliation:
Royal Tropical Institute, Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Mauritskade 63, 1092 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jos A. C. Verkleij
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Plants, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

At the end of the cropping season in November 1994, Striga hermonthica seed populations were collected in northern Bénin (in the Atacora and Borgou departments). Host crops included Zea mays L. (corn), Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet), and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (sorghum). The seed populations were kept dry in the laboratory, and germination was tested regularly after 2 wk conditioning in the laboratory. The seeds passed through a state of primary dormancy, which was not the same for seed populations collected from Z. mays and S. bicolor fields and those collected from P. americanum fields. The length of the primary dormancy was approximately 6 mo. After passing through primary dormancy (after-ripening), the seeds later went through annual, recurrent states of secondary dormancy. Primary dormancy coincided with the dry season directly after maturity (i.e., between December 1994 and April 1995), and secondary dormancy coincided more or less with the subsequent 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 dry seasons. It is concluded that the secondary dormancy pattern was endogenous. Germination percentages during the period that coincided with the first rainy season after collection were generally higher than during the period that coincided with the second rainy season.

Keywords

Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth STRHEZea mays L., cornPennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum., pearl milletSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, sorghumAfter-ripeningendogenous rhythmgerminationparasitic weedseed dormancy
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 48 , Issue 5 , October 2000 , pp. 561 - 566
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Borg, S. J. ter. 1972. Variability of Rhinanthus serotinus (Schönh.) Oborny in Relation to the Environment. . University of Groningen, The Netherlands. 158 p.Google Scholar
Bouwmeester, H. J. 1990. The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Seasonal Dormancy Pattern and Germination of Weed Seeds. . Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. 157 p.Google Scholar
Derkx, M.P.M. 1993. Regulation of Seasonal Patterns in Seed Dormancy. . Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. 245 p.Google Scholar
Egbers, W. S., Pieterse, A. H., and Verkleij, J.A.C. 1991. Germination of freshly harvested seed of Striga hermonthica after storage under various temperature and relative humidity conditions. Pages 407–414 In Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium of Parasitic Weeds. Nairobi, Kenya: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Mais y Trigo.Google Scholar
Elberse, W. T. and Breman, H. 1990. Germination and establishment of Sahelian rangeland species II. Effects of water availability. Oecologia 85:32–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Ernst, W.H.O. 1981. Ecological implication of fruit variability in Phlerium apenarium L., an annual dune grass. Flora 171:387–398.Google Scholar
Ernst, W.H.O., Kuiters, A. T., and Tolsma, D. J. 1991. Dormancy of annual and perennial grasses from a savanna of southeastern Botswana. Acta Oecol. 12:727–739.Google Scholar
Ernst, W.H.O. and Tolsma, D. J. 1988. Dormancy and germination of semi-arid annual plant species, Tragus berteronianus and Tribulus terrestris . Flora 181:243–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenner, M. 1985. Dormancy. Pages 72–86 In Dunnet, G. M. and Gimingham, C. H., eds. Seed Ecology. London, Great Britain: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gbèhounou, G. 1992. A Study on Viability and “Wet Dormancy” of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Seeds in the Course of the Rainy Season. . Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. 30 p.Google Scholar
Gbèhounou, G. 1998. Seed Ecology of Striga hermonthica in the Republic of Bénin: Host Specificity and Control Potentials. . Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 126 p.Google Scholar
Gbèhounou, G., Pieterse, A. H., and Verkleij, J.A.C. 1996. The decrease in seed germination of Striga hermonthica in Bénin in the course of the rainy season is due to a dying-off process. Experientia 52:264–267.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y. 1980. Annual rhythm and position effect in the germinability of Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum . Isr. J. Bot. 29:93–97.Google Scholar
Harper, J. C. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. London: Academic Press. Pages 60–83.Google Scholar
Hess, D. E. 1994. Crop specific strains of S. hermonthica in Niger. Phytopathology 84:1151.Google Scholar
Karssen, C. M. 1982. Seasonal pattern of dormancy in weed seeds. Pages 243–270 In Khan, A. A., ed. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Biochemical Press.Google Scholar
Karssen, C. M. and Hilhorst, H.W.M. 1992. Effect of chemical environment on seed germination. Pages 327–348 In Fenner, M., ed. Seeds. The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, Great Britain: CAB International.Google Scholar
Kuiper, E. 1997. Comparative Studies on the Parasitism of Striga aspera and Striga hermonthica on Tropical Grasses. . Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 144 p.Google Scholar
Kuiper, E., Verkleij, J.A.C., and Pieterse, A. H. 1996. Differences in the primary dormancy pattern of Striga species; an ongoing study. Pages 451–455 In Moreno, M. T., Cubero, J. I., Berner, D., Joel, D., Musselman, L. J., and Parker, C., eds. Advances in Parasitic Plant Research. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Cordoba, Spain: Direcciòn General de Investigaciòn Agraria.Google Scholar
Kust, C. A. 1963. Dormancy and viability of witchweed seeds as affected by temperature and relative humidity during storage. Weeds 11:247–250.Google Scholar
Mangnus, M. 1992. Strigol Analogues: Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity. . Catholic University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 135 p.Google Scholar
Mangnus, E. M., Stommen, P.L.A., and Zwanenberg, B. 1992. A standardized bioassay for evaluation of potential germination stimulants for seeds of parasitic weeds. J. Plant Growth Regul. 11:91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed, A. H., Ejeta, G., Butler, L. G., and Hously, T. L. 1998. Moisture content and dormancy in Striga asiatica seeds. Weed Res. 38:257–265.Google Scholar
Murdoch, A. J. and Ellis, R. H. 1992. Longevity, viability and dormancy. Pages 193–229 In Fenner, M., ed. Seeds. The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, Great Britain: CAB International.Google Scholar
Musselman, L. J., Bharathalakshmi, S. B., Knepper, D. A., Mohamed, K. I., and White, C. L. 1991. Recent research on the biology of Striga asiatica, S. gesnerioides and S. hermonthica . Pages 31–41 In Kim, S. K., ed. Combating Striga in Africa. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.Google Scholar
Parker, C. 1984. The physiology of Striga spp.: present state of knowledge and priorities for future research. Pages 179–189 In Ayensu, E. S., Doggett, H., Keynes, R. D., Marton-Lefèvre, J., Musselman, L. J., Parker, C., and Pickering, A. H., eds. Striga Biology and control. Paris: ICSU Press.Google Scholar
Pieterse, A. H. and Verkleij, J.A.C. 1994. Germination ecology of Striga and Orobanche—an overview. Pages 36–48 In Pieterse, A. H., Verkleij, J.A.C., and ter Borg, S. J., eds. Biology and Management of Orobanche. Proc. Third International Workshop on Orobanche and Related Striga Research. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute.Google Scholar
Pieterse, A. H., Verkleij, J.A.C., den Hollander, N. G., Odhiambo, G. D., and Ransom, J. K. 1996. Germination and viability of Striga hermonthica seeds in Western Kenya in the course of the long rainy season. Pages 457–464 in Moreno, M. T., Cubero, J. I., Berner, D., Joel, D. Google Scholar
Musselman, L. J., and Parker, C., eds. Advances in Parasitic Plant Research. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Cordoba, Spain: Direcciòn General de Investigaciòn Agraria.Google Scholar
Qi, M. Q. and Redmann, R. E. 1993. Seed germination and seedling survival of C3 and C4 grasses under water stress. Arid Environ, J. 24:277–285.Google Scholar
Reid, D. C. and Parker, C. 1979. Germination requirements of Striga species. Pages 202–210 In Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University.Google Scholar
Saunders, A. R. 1933. Studies in phanerogamic parasitism with special reference to Striga lutea Lour. S. Afr. Dep. Agric. Sci. Bull. 128:1–56.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1980. Statistical Methods. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, pp. 297–331.Google Scholar
Vallance, K. B. 1950. Studies on the germination of the seeds of Striga hermonthica I. The influence of moisture-treatment, stimulant-dilution, and after-ripening on germination. Ann. Bot. 14:347–363.Google Scholar
Veenendaal, E. M., Ernst, W.H.O., and Modise, G. S. 1996. Effect of seasonal rainfall pattern on seedling emergence and establishment of grasses in a savanna in south-eastern Botswana. J. Arid Environ. 32:305–317.Google Scholar
Wilson-Jones, K. 1955. Further experiments on witchweed control. II. The existence of physiological strains of Striga hermonthica . Empire J. Exp. Agric. 23:206–213.Google Scholar
Worsham, A. D. and Egley, G. H. 1990. Physiology of witchweed seed dormancy and germination. Pages 37–45 In Sand, P. F., Eplee, R. E., and Westbrooks, R. G., eds. Witchweed Research and Control in the United States. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar