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Enhanced Growth and Seed Properties in Introduced vs. Native Populations of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Timothy L. Widmer ,
Fatiha Guermache ,
Margarita Yu Dolgovskaia  and
Sergey Ya. Reznik
Timothy L. Widmer*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 90013 Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St. Gely du Fesc CEDEX, France
Fatiha Guermache
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 90013 Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St. Gely du Fesc CEDEX, France
Margarita Yu Dolgovskaia
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Sergey Ya. Reznik
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Tim.Widmer@ars.usda.gov.
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Abstract

There is much discussion as to why a plant becomes invasive in a new location but is not problematic in its native range. One example is yellow starthistle, which originates in Eurasia and is considered a noxious weed in the United States. We grew yellow starthistle originating from native and introduced regions in a common environment to test whether differences in growth would be observed. In growth chamber studies, seedlings originating from the invasive range were larger than seedlings from the native range after 2 wk. Seed starch content is an important component of initial seedling growth. The starch content of seeds from introduced populations was higher than that of seeds from native populations. Regression analysis showed a relationship between the amount of starch in the seeds and the weight of yellow starthistle seedlings after 2 wk growth. There was no difference in chromosome number, except in accessions originating from Sicily and Sardinia. Field studies conducted in France and Russia revealed that rosettes and mature plants grown under natural conditions were larger when grown from seeds originating from the invasive range than from seeds originating from the native range. The number of capitula per plant and stem diameters were not significant among all populations, but differences were noted. The F1 progeny of plants originating from U.S. seed, but grown and pollinated in France, showed no differences in seedling growth, mature plant characteristics, and seed starch content from the plants grown from field-collected U.S. seed. The changes in seed starch resource allocation and its relation to plant growth is useful in understanding factors that contribute to yellow starthistle's invasibility.

Keywords

Yellow starthistleCentaurea solstitialis L. CENSOCompetitive ability hypothesisinvasivenessinvasive speciesseedsstarch content
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 5 , October 2007 , pp. 465 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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