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Environmental Factors Affecting Germination of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rais U. Akanda ,
J. Jeffrey Mullahey  and
Donn G. Shilling
Rais U. Akanda
Affiliation:
Southwest Florida Res. Edu. Ctr., Immokalee, FL
J. Jeffrey Mullahey
Affiliation:
Southwest Florida Res. Edu. Ctr., Immokalee, FL
Donn G. Shilling
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of various factors on germination of tropical soda apple. Tropical soda apple seed were found to be moderately photoblastic with 30% germination occurring in the dark. Germination increased in response to green (545 nm) and red light (650 nm) to 75 and 66%, respectively, indicating phytochrome regulation. No germination occurred in response to blue (450 nm) and far-red light (750 nm). Germination increased from 4 to 64% between 10 to 30 C, but no germination was found at 5 and 40 C. Maximum germination occurred at 30 C. A second degree polynomial (Y= −48.7 + 7.9X – 0.2X2, R2 = 0.76) best fit the data. Seed germinated over a broad range of pH (2 to 14) with the highest germination occurring at pH 8 and no germination occurring at pH 2 and 14 (Y = −63.3 + 30.5X – 1.9X2, R2 = 0.95). Seed germination declined as osmotic potential increased from 0 to −1.0 MPa (Y = 76.7 – 12.9X + 5.2X2, R2 = 0.87). Seedling emergence was maximum from depth of 3 to 6 cm, but no seedling emergence occurred when seed were planted below 12 cm (Y = 10.2 + 17.8X – 1.6X2, R2 = 0.93). Optimum germination occurred at a depth of 5.6 cm. Mechanical and sulfuric acid scarification increased the rate of germination but not the overall percentage. Tap water or hot water increased the rate of germination 26% and KNO3, GA3, or ethephon increased it 53%. Tropical soda apple seed germinated in response to variable environmental and edaphic conditions which could allow establishment in diverse ecosystems.

Keywords

Tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dunal ♯ SOLVILight qualitytemperaturepHdepth of plantingphytochromeosmotic potentialscarificationpriming treatment
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 570 - 574
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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