Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:03:19.531Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Environmental Impact of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hugh J. Beckie ,
Peter H. Sikkema ,
Nader Soltani ,
Robert E. Blackshaw  and
Eric N. Johnson
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
Peter H. Sikkema
Affiliation:
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main Street East, Ridgetown, Ontario N0P 2C0, Canada
Nader Soltani
Affiliation:
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main Street East, Ridgetown, Ontario N0P 2C0, Canada
Robert E. Blackshaw
Affiliation:
AAFC, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
AAFC, Scott Research Farm, P.O. Box 10, Scott, Saskatchewan S0K 4A0, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hugh.beckie@agr.gc.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed, horseweed, and common ragweed were confirmed in southwestern Ontario, Canada in 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. In the western prairie provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, GR (plus acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant) kochia was discovered in 2011. This symposium paper estimates the environmental impact (EI) of the top herbicide treatments or programs used to manage these GR weed species in the major field crops grown in each region. For each herbicide treatment, EI (per ha basis) was calculated as the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), which quantifies the relative potential risk of pesticide active ingredients on human and ecological health based on risk components to farm workers, consumers, and the environment, multiplied by the application rate (kg ai ha−1). Total EI is defined as EI (per ha basis) multiplied by the application area (i.e., land area affected by a GR weed). It was assumed that all herbicide treatments would supplement the continued usage of glyphosate because of its broad spectrum weed control. For the control of these GR weeds, most treatments contain auxinic or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. The majority of auxinic herbicide treatments result in low (EI ≤ 10) to moderate (11 to 20) EI, whereas all treatments of PPO inhibitors have low EI. Total EI of GR horseweed and kochia will generally be greater than that of giant or common ragweed because of rapid seed dispersal. For recommended herbicide treatments to control GR weeds (and herbicide-resistant weeds in general), EI data should be routinely included with cost and site of action in weed control extension publications and software, so that growers have the information needed to assess the EI of their actions.

Keywords

Glyphosatecommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBELgiant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRhorseweed, Conzya canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICAkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSC, synonym: Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott.ALS-inhibitor resistanceenvironmental healthglyphosate resistanceherbicide resistancemultiple resistancepesticide toxicity
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Science , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 385 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ahrens, W H editor. (1994) Herbicide Handbook. 7th edn. Champaign, IL Weed Science Society of America. 352 p.Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ (2012) Herbicide-resistant weed management: focus on glyphosate. Pest Manag Sci. 67:1037–1048.Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Blackshaw, RE, Low, R, Hall, LM, Sauder, CA, Martin, S, Brandt, RN, Shirriff, SW (2013a) Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia) in western Canada. Weed Sci. 61:310–318.Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Harker, KN, Hall, LM, Holm, FA, Gulden, RH (2011) Risk assessment of glyphosate resistance in western Canada. Weed Technol. 25:159–164.Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Lozinski, C, Shirriff, S, Brenzil, CA (2013b) Herbicide-resistant weeds in the Canadian prairies: 2007 to 2011. Weed Technol. 27:171–183.Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Tardif, FJ (2012) Herbicide cross resistance in weeds. Crop Prot. 35:15–28.Google Scholar
Brimner, TA, Gallivan, GJ, Stephenson, GR (2005) Influence of herbicide-resistant canola on the environmental impact of weed management. Pest Manag Sci. 61:47–52.Google Scholar
Edwards-Jones, G, Howells, O (2001) The origin and hazard of inputs to crop protection in organic farming systems: are they sustainable? Agric Syst. 67:31–47.Google Scholar
Egan, JF, Maxwell, BD, Mortensen, DA, Ryan, MR, Smith, RG (2011) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-resistant crops and the potential for evolution of 2,4-D-resistant weeds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:E37.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Cornejo, J (1998) Environmental and economic consequences of technology adoption: IPM in viticulture. Agric Econ. 18:145–155.Google Scholar
Gallivan, GJ, Surgeoner, GA, Kovach, J (2001) Pesticide risk reduction on crops in the province of Ontario J Environ Qual. 30:798–813.Google Scholar
Hall, LM, Beckie, HJ, Low, R, Shirriff, SW, Blackshaw, RE, Kimmel, N, Neeser, C (2013) Survey of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Alberta. Can J Plant Sci. 94:127–130.Google Scholar
Heap IM (2013) International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Kovach, J, Petzoldt, C, Degnil, J, Tette, J (1992) A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides. New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin. 139:139–146.Google Scholar
Kovach, J, Petzoldt, C, Degnil, J, Tette, J (2012) Table 2. List of Pesticides. http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/eiq/equation.asp. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Mallory-Smith, CA, Retzinger, EJ (2003) Revised classification of herbicides by site of action for weed resistance management strategies. Weed Technol. 17:605–619.Google Scholar
Mortensen, DA, Egan, JF, Maxwell, BD, Ryan, MR, Smith, RG (2012) Navigating a critical juncture for sustainable weed management. BioScience. 62:75–84.Google Scholar
[OMAFRA] Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2012a) Estimated Area, Yield, Production and Farm Value of Specified Field Crops, Ontario, 2001–2012 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/estimate_metric.htm. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
OMAFRA (2012b) Publication 75: Guide to Weed Control 2012–2013 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub75/pub75toc.htm. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture (2012) Guide to Crop Protection: Weeds, Plant Diseases, Insects. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Regina, SK. 482 p http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Guide_to_Crop_Protection. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Shields, EJ, Dauer, JT, VanGessel, MJ, Neumann, G (2006) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) seed collected in the planetary boundary layer. Weed Sci. 54:1063–1067.Google Scholar
Sikkema, PH, Robinson, DE, Tardif, FJ, Lawton, MB, Soltani, N (2013) Discovery of glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario, Canada: distribution plus control. Proceedings, Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge Conference. Perth, Australia Australia Herbicide Resistance Initiative. 96 p http://www.herbicideresistanceconference.com.au. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada (2012) July estimates of production of principal field crops. Field Crop Reporting Series. Catalogue no. 22-002-X. http://www.statscan.gc.ca. Accessed September 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Vink, JP, Soltani, N, Robinson, DE, Tardif, FJ, Lawton, MB, Sikkema, PH (2012) Occurrence and distribution of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) in southwestern Ontario. Can J Plant Sci. 92:533–539.Google Scholar
Ziegler, CR, Donahue, DW, Drummond, FA, Smith, SN (2002) The ecological economics of insecticide use associated with the Maine potato industry based on a producer survey. Am J Altern Agric. 17:159–166.Google Scholar