Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T06:15:44.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exotic C4 Grasses Have Increased Tolerance to Glyphosate under Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

A. Manea ,
M. R. Leishman  and
P. O. Downey
A. Manea
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
M. R. Leishman*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
P. O. Downey
Affiliation:
Pest Management Unit, Parks and Wildlife, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, P.O. Box 1967, Hurstville, New South Wales 2220, Australia
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: michelle.leishman@mq.edu.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The increase in atmospheric CO2 levels can influence the growth of many invasive exotic plant species. However, it is not well-documented, especially for C4 plants, how these growth responses will alter the effectiveness of the world's most widely used herbicide for weed control, glyphosate. We aimed to address this question by carrying out a series of glasshouse experiments to determine if tolerance to glyphosate is increased in four C4 invasive exotic grasses grown under elevated CO2 in nonlimiting water conditions. In addition, traits including specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, root : shoot ratio, total leaf area, and total biomass were measured in order to assess their contribution to glyphosate response under ambient and elevated CO2 levels. Three of the four mature grass species that were treated with the recommended concentration of glyphosate displayed increased tolerance to glyphosate under elevated CO2. This was due to increased biomass production resulting in a dilution effect on the glyphosate within the plant. From this study, we can conclude that as atmospheric CO2 levels increase, application rates of glyphosate might need to be increased to counteract the growth stimulation of invasive exotic plants.

Keywords

GlyphosateAlien plantsbiomassclimate changeherbicidephotosynthetic pathway
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 28 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ainsworth, E. A. and Long, S. P. 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2 . New Phytol. 165:351–372.Google Scholar
Baylis, A. D. 2000. Why glyphosate is a global herbicide: strengths, weaknesses and prospects. Pest Manag. Sci. 56:299–308.Google Scholar
Bazzaz, F. A., Garbutt, K., Reekie, E. G., and Williams, W. E. 1989. Using growth analysis to interpret competition between a C3 and a C4 annual under ambient and elevated CO2 . Oecologia. 79:223–235.Google Scholar
Belote, R. T., Weltzin, J. F., and Norby, R. J. 2003. Response of an understory plant community to elevated [CO2] depends on differential responses of dominant invasive species and is mediated by soil water availability. New Phytol. 161:827–835.Google Scholar
Bowes, G. 1996. Photosynthetic responses to changing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Pages 397–407 in Baker, N. R., ed. Photosynthesis and the Environment. Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, L. D., Padgette, S. R., Kimball, S. L., and Wells, B. H. 1997. Perspectives on glyphosate resistance. Weed Technol. 11:189–198.Google Scholar
Dukes, J. S. 2000. Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the success of invasive species? Pages 95–113 in Mooney, H. A. and Hobbs, R. J., eds. Invasive Species in a Changing World. Washington, D.C. Island Press.Google Scholar
Dukes, J. S. 2002. Comparison of the effect of elevated CO2 on an invasive species (Centaurea solstitialis) in monoculture and community settings. Plant Ecol. 160:225–234.Google Scholar
Erickson, J. E., Megonigal, J. P., Peresta, G., and Drake, B. G. 2007. Salinity and sea level mediate elevated CO2 effects on C3–C4 plant interactions and tissue nitrogen in a Chesapeake Bay tidal wetland. Glob. Change Biol. 13:202–215.Google Scholar
Harden, G. W. 1993. Flora of New South Wales. Chapeter 213: Poaceae. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia New South Wales University Press, 410–656 pp.Google Scholar
IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007: a physical science basis. in Solomon, S., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., eds. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York Cambridge University Press, 996 p.Google Scholar
Leegood, R. C. 2002. C4 photosynthesis: principles of CO2 concentration and prospects for its introduction into C3 plants. J. Exp. Bot. 53:581–590.Google Scholar
Minitab, Inc. 2007. Minitab 15: Statistical Software. State College, PA Publisher.Google Scholar
Nowak, R. S., Ellsworth, D. S., and Smith, S. D. 2004. Functional responses of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2: do photosynthetic and productivity data from FACE experiments support early predictions? New Phytol. 162:253–280.Google Scholar
Oren, R., Ellsworth, D. S., Johnsen, K. H., et al. 2001. Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. Nature. 411:469–472.Google Scholar
Owensby, C. E., Coyne, P. I., Ham, J. M., Auen, L. M., and Knapp, A. K. 1993. Biomass production in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 . Ecol. Appl. 3:644–653.Google Scholar
Owensby, C. E., Ham, J. M., Knapp, A. K., and Auen, L. M. 1999. Biomass production and species composition change in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem after long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 . Glob. Change Biol. 5:497–506.Google Scholar
Perez, A. and Kogan, M. 2003. Glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum in Chilean orchards. Weed Res. 43:12–19.Google Scholar
Poorter, H. and Navas, M. L. 2003. Plant growth and competition at elevated CO2: on winners, losers and functional groups. New Phytol. 157:175–198.Google Scholar
Poorter, H., Roumet, C., and Campbell, B. D. 1996. Interspecific variation in the growth response of plants to elevated CO2: a search for functional types. Pages 375–412 in Korner, C., and Bazzaz, F. A., eds. Carbon Dioxide, Populations and Communities. San Diego, CA Academic.Google Scholar
Powles, S. B. 2008. Evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds around the world: lessons to be learnt. Pest Manag. Sci. 64:360–365.Google Scholar
Reich, P. B., Hobbie, S. E., Lee, T., Ellsworth, D. S., West, J. B., Tilman, D., Knops, J. M. H., Naeem, S., and Trost, J. 2006. Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO2 . Nature. 440:922–925.Google Scholar
SAS. 2008. SAS 9.2. Cary, NC SAS Institute, Inc.Google Scholar
Sasek, T. W. and Strain, B. R. 1988. Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on the growth and morphology of kudzu (Pueraria lobata). Weed Sci. 36:28–36.Google Scholar
Sasek, T. W. and Strain, B. R. 1991. Effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and morphology of a native and an introduced honeysuckle vine. Am. J. Bot. 78:69–75.Google Scholar
Smith, S. D., Huxman, T. E., Zitzer, S. F., Charlet, T. N., Housman, D. C., Coleman, J. S., Fenstermaker, L. K., Seemann, J. R., and Nowak, R. S. 2000. Elevated CO2 increases productivity and invasive species success in an arid ecosystem. Nature. 408:79–82.Google Scholar
Wand, S. J. E., Midgley, G. F., Jones, M. H., and Curtis, P. S. 1999. Responses of wild C4 and C3 grass (Poaceae) species to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration: a meta-analytic test of current theories and perceptions. Glob. Change Biol. 5:723 p.Google Scholar
Woodburn, A. T. 2000. Glyphosate: production, pricing and use worldwide. Pest Manag. Sci. 56:309–312.Google Scholar
Wray, S. M. and Strain, B. R. 1987. Interaction of age and competition under CO2 enrichment. Funct. Ecol. 1:145–149.Google Scholar
Ziska, L. H. 2002. Influence of rising atmospheric CO2 since 1900 on early growth and photosynthetic response of a noxious invasive weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Funct. Plant Biol. 29:1387–1392.Google Scholar
Ziska, L. H., Faulkner, S., and Lydon, J. 2004. Changes in biomass and root ∶ shoot ratio of field-grown Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), a noxious, invasive weed, with elevated CO2: implications for control with glyphosate. Weed Sci. 52:584–588.Google Scholar
Ziska, L. H., Reeves, J. B., and Blank, B. 2005. The impact of recent increases in atmospheric CO2 on biomass production and vegetative retention of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum): implications for fire disturbance. Glob. Change Biol. 11:1325–1332.Google Scholar
Ziska, L. H., Sicher, R. C., George, K., and Mohan, J. E. 2007. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and potential impacts on the growth and toxicity of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). Weed Sci. 55:288–292.Google Scholar
Ziska, L. H. and Teasdale, J. R. 2000. Sustained growth and increased tolerance to glyphosate observed in a C3 perennial weed, quackgrass (Elytrigia repens), grown at elevated carbon dioxide. Funct. Plant Biol. 27:159–166.Google Scholar
Ziska, L. H., Teasdale, J. R., and Bunce, J. A. 1999. Future atmospheric carbon dioxide may increase tolerance to glyphosate. Weed Sci. 47:608–615.Google Scholar