Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T06:55:18.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors affecting germination of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jingkai Zhou ,
Edward L. Deckard  and
William H. Ahrens
Edward L. Deckard
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
William H. Ahrens
Affiliation:
Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Pesticide Bioactivity Center, Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Hairy nightshade is the most widespread nightshade species in North America. Increased knowledge of hairy nightshade germination biology would facilitate development of an optimum control program. Germination of hairy nightshade seeds as affected by environmental and chemical factors was studied under greenhouse and controlled-environment growth chamber conditions. Hairy nightshade seeds were in an innate dormant state when initially separated from the berries. Moist compared with dry storage was more effective for breaking dormancy at 4 C, but dry storage was more effective at 17 C. Hairy nightshade seeds germinated equally well under both a 14-h photoperiod and continuous darkness. These germinated at constant temperatures ranging from 19 to 39 C, with optimum germination attained between 27 and 33 C. Germination markedly declined as osmotic potential of the germination medium decreased. The optimum pH range for germination of hairy nightshade seeds was between 6 and 8, although some seeds germinated at pH 4 and 9. Maximum hairy nightshade emergence occurred with seeding depths of 2 cm or less. No emergence occurred when seeding depth reached 8 cm.

Keywords

Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner SOLSADormancygerminationlight requirementtemperatureosmotic potential
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , February 2005 , pp. 41 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Arnold, S. J. 1985. Eastern black nightshade—an increasing concern for soybean and forage producers. Crops Soils Mag 37/9:29–31.Google Scholar
Axton, L. M. and Durgan, B. R. 1991. Plants Poisonous to Livestock. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Extension Service Bull. AG-FO-5655.Google Scholar
Barbour, M. G. and Racine, C. H. 1967. Construction and performance of a temperature gradient bar and chamber. Ecology 48:861–863.Google Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R. A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res 67:105–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. 1994. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. 2nd ed. New York: Plennum. Pp. 273–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bithell, S. L., McKenzie, B. A., Bourdot, G. W., Hill, G. D., and Wratten, S. D. 2002. Germination requirements of laboratory stored seeds of black nightshade and hairy nightshade. Pages 222–227 in 55th Conf. Proc. (2002) New Zeal. Plant Prot. Soc. 55:222–227.Google Scholar
Crotser, M. P. and Witt, W. W. 2000. Effect of Glycine max canopy characteristics, G. max interference, and weed-free period on Solanum ptycanthum growth. Weed Sci 48:20–26.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. and Duke, S. O. 1985. Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination. Pages 27–64 in Duke, S. O. ed. Weed Physiology. Volume I. Reproduction and Ecophysiology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
Evans, R. A., Young, J. A., Henkel, R., and Klomp, G. J. 1970. A low temperature-gradient bar for seed germination studies. Weed Sci 18:575–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. Solanum nigrum L. Pages 430–434 in The World's Worst Weeds— Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Hoveland, C. S. and Buchanan, G. A. 1973. Weed seed germination under simulated drought. Weed Sci 21:133–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kempen, H. M. and Graf, J. 1981. Weed seed production. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci 34:78–81.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. and Kaufman, M. R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol 51:914–916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogg, A. G. Jr. and Dawson, J. H. 1984. Time of emergence of eight weed species. Weed Sci 32:327–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogg, A. G. Jr. and Rogers, B. S. 1989. Taxonomy, distribution, biology, and control of black nightshade and related species in the United States and Canada. Rev. Weed Sci 4:25–58.Google Scholar
Reddy, K. N. and Singh, M. 1992. Germination and emergence of hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa). Weed Sci 40:195–199.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Boddrell, J. E. 1983. Field experiments and temperature requirements for germination in Solanum sarrachoides Sendt. Weed Res 23:247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Lockett, P. M. 1978. Seed dormancy and field emergence in Solanum nigrum L. Weed Res 18:231–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Rev. Weed Sci 3:135–154.Google Scholar
Thomson, C. E. and Witt, W. W. 1987. Germination of cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata), smooth groundcherry (Physalis virginiana), and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum). Weed Sci 35:58–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thullen, R. J. and Keeley, P. E. 1982. The effects of some environmental conditions on the germination of black nightshade and ivyleaf morning glory. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci 35:76–82.Google Scholar
Zollinger, R. K. 2004. North Dakota Weed Control Guide. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University. Extension Service Circ. W-253.Google Scholar