Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T06:54:46.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination, Growth, and Development of Spurred Anoda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Francisco Solano ,
J. W. Schrader  and
H. D. Coble
Francisco Solano
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., NC State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607
J. W. Schrader
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., NC State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607
H. D. Coble
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., NC State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Spurred anoda [Anoda cristata (L.) Schlect.] seed germination averaged 0.5 to 3.0% for seeds buried in the field for up to 20 months under natural conditions. These same seeds averaged over 76% germination after scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid, indicating hard seed coat involvement in seed dormancy. Germination was unaffected by light variables but increased as temperature increased. Germination of scarified seed increased from 50% to 85% as temperature was increased from 18 C to 30 C. Spurred anoda developed more slowly than did cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Coker 310′) for the first 45 days. After that spurred anoda grew more rapidly until by 60 days after emergence, the weed was larger than cotton as measured by shoot height and total leaf surface area. This difference in development between cotton and spurred anoda indicates postemergence directed sprays of herbicides might be useful as a control tool.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 24 , Issue 6 , November 1976 , pp. 574 - 578
Copyright
Copyright © 1977 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Chandler, J.M. and Dale, J.E. 1974. Comparative growth of four malvaceous species. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 27:116–117.Google Scholar
2. Chandler, J.M. and Santelmann, P.W. 1969. Growth characteristics and herbicide susceptibility of Texas panicum. Weed Sci. 17:91–93.Google Scholar
3. Crafts, A.S. and Robbins, W.W. 1962. Weed Control–A Textbook and Manual. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 660 pp.Google Scholar
4. Dawson, J.H. 1963. Development of barnyardgrass seedlings and their response to EPTC. Weeds 11:60–67.Google Scholar
5. Everson, L. 1949. Preliminary studies to establish laboratory methods for germination of weed seeds. Assoc. Offic. Seed Anal. Proc. 39:84–89.Google Scholar
6. Evetts, L.L. and Burnside, O.C. 1972. Germination and seedling development of common milkweed and other species. Weed Sci. 20:371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Gleason, H.A. 1968. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Hafner Publishing Co., New York. 655 pp.Google Scholar
8. Hopen, H.J. 1972. Growth of common purslane as influencing control and importance as a weed. Weed Sci. 20:20–22.Google Scholar
9. Ivany, J.A. and Sweet, R.D. 1973. Germination, growth, development, and control of galinsoga. Weed Sci. 21:41–44.Google Scholar
10. King, L.L. 1966. Weeds of the World–Biology and Control. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York. 526 pp.Google Scholar
11. Klebesadel, L.J. 1969. Life cycle of field pennycress in the Subartic as influenced by time of seed germination. Weed Sci. 17:563–566.Google Scholar
12. Lambert, W.M. and Olive, L.R. 1975. Control of spurred anoda in cotton soybean. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 28: 122.Google Scholar
13. Peters, R.A. and Yokum, H.C. 1961. Progress report on a study of the germination and growth of yellow foxtail [Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.]. Proc. Northeast. Weed Control Conf. 15:350–355.Google Scholar
14. Radford, A.E., Ahles, H.E., and Bell, C.R. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The Univ. of N.C. Press, Chapel Hill. 1, 183 pp.Google Scholar
15. Roberts, H.A. 1964. Emergence and longevity in cultivated soil of seeds of some annual weeds. Weed Res. 4:296–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Roberts, H.A. and Feast, P.M. 1972. Fate of seeds of some annual weeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed soil. Weed Res. 12:316–324.Google Scholar
17. Santelmann, P.W., Meade, J.A., and Peters, R.A. 1963. Growth and development of yellow foxtail and giant foxtail. Weeds 11:139–142.Google Scholar
18. Solano, F., Schrader, J.W., and Coble, H.D. 1974. Germination and emergence of spurred anoda. Weed Sci. 22:353–354.Google Scholar
19. Stoller, E.W. and Wax, L.M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21:574–579.Google Scholar
20. Stoller, E.W. and Wax, L.M. 1974. Dormancy changes and fate of some annual weed seeds in the soil. Weed Sci. 22:151–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Toole, V.K. 1963. Light control of seed germination. Assoc. Offic. Seed Anal. Proc. 53:124–143.Google Scholar
22. Vengris, J. 1963. The effect of time of seeding on growth and development of rough pigweed and yellow foxtail. Weeds 11:48–50.Google Scholar
23. Waldron, L.R. 1904. Weed studies. Viability and growth of buried weed seeds. N. Dak. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 62. Pages 439–446.Google Scholar
24. Wesson, G. and Wareing, P.F. 1969. The role of light in the germination of naturally occurring populations of buried weed seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 20:402–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Williams, E.D. 1973. Seed germination of Agrostis gigantea Roth. Weed Res. 13:310–324.Google Scholar
26. Worthwick, H.A. 1965. Light effects with particular reference to seed germination. Int. Seed Test Assoc. Proc. 30:15–27.Google Scholar