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Glyphosate- and Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor–Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Western Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hugh J. Beckie ,
Robert E. Blackshaw ,
Ryan Low ,
Linda M. Hall ,
Connie A. Sauder ,
Sara Martin ,
Randall N. Brandt  and
Scott W. Shirriff
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
Robert E. Blackshaw
Affiliation:
AAFC, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Ryan Low
Affiliation:
Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 AgForestry Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
Linda M. Hall
Affiliation:
Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 AgForestry Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
Connie A. Sauder
Affiliation:
Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, K.W. Neatby Building, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
Sara Martin
Affiliation:
Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, K.W. Neatby Building, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
Randall N. Brandt
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Scott W. Shirriff
Affiliation:
Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hugh.beckie@agr.gc.ca
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Abstract

In summer, 2011, we investigated suspected glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia in three chem-fallow fields (designated F1, F2, F3, each farmed by a different grower) in southern Alberta. This study characterizes glyphosate resistance in those populations, based on data from dose–response experiments. In a greenhouse experiment, the three populations exhibited a resistance factor ranging from 4 to 6 based on shoot biomass response (GR50 ratios), or 5 to 7 based on survival response (LD50 ratios). Similar results were found in a field dose–response experiment at Lethbridge, AB, in spring 2012 using the F2 kochia population. In fall 2011, we surveyed 46 fields within a 20-km radius of the three chem-fallow fields for GR kochia. In the greenhouse, populations were screened with glyphosate at 900 g ae ha−1. Seven populations were confirmed as GR, the farthest site located about 13 km from the three originally confirmed populations. An additional GR population more than 100 km away was later confirmed. Populations were screened for acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibitor (thifensulfuron : tribenuron) and dicamba resistance in the greenhouse, with molecular characterization of ALS-inhibitor resistance in the F1, F2, and F3 populations. All GR populations were resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide, but susceptible to dicamba. ALS-inhibitor resistance in kochia was conferred by Pro197, Asp376, or Trp574 amino acid substitutions. Based upon a simple empirical model with a parameter for selection pressure, calculated from weed relative abundance and glyphosate efficacy, and a parameter for seedbank longevity, kochia, wild oat, and green foxtail were the top three weeds, respectively, predicted at risk of selection for glyphosate resistance in the semiarid Grassland region of the Canadian prairies; wild oat, green foxtail, and cleavers species were predicted at greatest risk in the subhumid Parkland region. This study confirms the first occurrence of a GR weed in western Canada. Future research on GR kochia will include monitoring, biology and ecology, fitness, mechanism of resistance, and best management practices.

Keywords

Dicambaglyphosatethifensulfurontribenuroncleavers: false cleavers, Galium spurium L. or catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine L.green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSC, synonym: Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott.wild oat, Avena fatua LALS-inhibitor resistanceglyphosate resistanceherbicide resistancemultiple resistancetarget-site mutation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , June 2013 , pp. 310 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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