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Herbicide-Resistant Weed Seeds Contaminate Grain Sown in the Western Australian Grainbelt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Pippa J. Michael ,
Mechelle J. Owen  and
Stephen B. Powles
Pippa J. Michael*
Affiliation:
Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Northam, WA 6401, Australia
Mechelle J. Owen
Affiliation:
Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Stephen B. Powles
Affiliation:
Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: p.michael@curtin.edu.au
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Abstract

Preventing the introduction of weeds into the farming system through sowing of clean seeds is an essential component of weed management. The weed seed contamination of cleaned grain and herbicide resistance levels of the recovered weed seeds were examined in a study conducted across 74 farms in the Western Australian grainbelt. Most farmers grew and conserved their own crop seed. The majority of cleaned samples had some level of seed contamination from 11 foreign weed and volunteer crop species, with an average of 62 seeds 10 kg−1 grain, substantially higher than the 28 seeds 10 kg−1 grain expected by farmers. The most common weed contaminants across all samples were rigid ryegrass, wild radish, brome, and wild oat. When categorized by crop type, rigid ryegrass was the most frequent contaminant of cereal crops (barley and wheat), however wild radish was the most frequent contaminant of lupin crops. Uncleaned crop seed samples had almost 25 times more contamination than cleaned crop seed. Herbicide resistance was highly prevalent within rigid ryegrass populations recovered from cleaned grain except for glyphosate, which controlled all populations tested. Some resistance was also found in wild radish and wild oat populations; however, brome was susceptible to fluazifop. This study has shown that farmers are unknowingly introducing weed seeds into their farming systems during crop seeding, many of which have herbicide resistance.

Keywords

Fluazifopglyphosatebrome, Bromus spprigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaudinwild oat, Avena fatua Lwild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum Lbarley, Hordeum vulgare Llupin, Lupinus sppwheat, Triticum aestivum LSurveygrain cleaningweed seed dispersal
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 466 - 472
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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