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Herbicides that Inhibit Acetohydroxyacid Synthase

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Mark A. Stidham
Mark A. Stidham*
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Div., American Cyanamid Co., Princeton, NJ 08543-0400, U.S.A.
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Abstract

Acetohydroxyacid synthase was discovered as the site of action of imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides over 6 yr ago. In recent years, advances have been made in the understanding of this enzyme as a herbicide target site. Derivatives of both imidazolinones and sulfonylureas have yielded new herbicide chemistry. AH of the herbicides display unusual “slow-binding” behavior with the enzyme, and this behavior may help explain efficacy of the herbicides. Resistance to these herbicides has been developed through a number of different procedures, and the mechanism of resistance is through changes in sensitivity of the enzyme to the herbicides. The changes are either selective to only one class of chemistry, or broad to a number of classes of chemistry. These data support the idea that binding sites for the herbicides on the enzyme are only partially overlapping. Progress in purification of AHAS from corn includes discovery of the existence of the enzyme in monomer and oligomer aggregation states. The interaction of the enzyme with the herbicides is affected by enzyme aggregation state.

Keywords

AHAS, acetohydroxyacid synthase or acetolactate synthase, E.C. 4.1.3.18sulfometuron methyl, N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methoxycarbonyl-benzenesulfonamideimazapyr, (±)-2-[4,5′-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidimazethapyr, (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acidHerbicideacetohydroxyacid synthaseimidazolinonesulfonylurea
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 428 - 434
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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