Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:16:02.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Seed Burial Depth on the Emergence of Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert E. Blackshaw
Robert E. Blackshaw*
Affiliation:
Agric. Can. Res. Stn., Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1. Contribution No. 3879009
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A study was conducted under controlled environmental conditions to determine the effect of soil temperature, soil moisture, and depth of seed burial on the emergence of round-leaved mallow. Emergence occurred from 5 to 30 C but was optimal at 15 to 20 C. Soil moisture had a greater effect than soil temperature on percentage emergence. Emergence progressively declined below a soil water content of −0.28 MPa, with less than 20% emergence attained at −1.03 to −1.53 MPa. In contrast, rate of emergence of round-leaved mallow was affected more by soil temperature than by moisture. A decrease in temperature from 30 to 5 C increased the time to reach 50% emergence by 10 to 12 days over the moisture regime of this study. Emergence was greatest at depths of 0.5 to 2 cm. No emergence occurred at 8 cm or below. The potential of using the findings of this study to develop cultural control strategies for round-leaved mallow is discussed.

Keywords

Round-leaved mallowMalva pusilla SmWeed biologygerminationplanting depth
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 6 , November 1990 , pp. 518 - 521
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Blackshaw, R. E., Stobbe, E. H., Shaykewich, C. F., and Woodbury, W. 1981. Influence of soil temperature and soil moisture on green foxtail (Setaria viridis) establishment in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 29:179–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Bliss, C. I. 1970. Statistics in Biology. Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. Pages 167–172.Google Scholar
3. Budzinsky, M. F. 1987. The growth analysis of round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla Sm.). M.S. Dissertation, Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB. 128 pp.Google Scholar
4. Hoveland, C. S. and Buchanan, G. A. 1973. Weed seed germination under simulated drought. Weed Sci. 21:322–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Hsu, F. H., Nelson, C. J., and Matches, A. G. 1985. Temperature effects on germination of perennial warm-season forage grasses. Crop Sci. 25:215–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Kivilaan, A. and Bandurski, R. S. 1981. The one hundred-year period for Dr. Beal's seed viability experiment. Am. J. Bot. 66:1290–1292.Google Scholar
7. Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1965. Giant foxtail seeded at various times in corn and soybeans. Weeds 13:331–324.Google Scholar
8. Knipe, D. and Herbel, C. H. 1960. The effects of limited moisture on germination and initial growth of six grass species. J. Range Manage. 13:297–302.Google Scholar
9. Lafond, G. P. and Baker, R. J. 1986. Effects of temperature, moisture stress, and seed size on germination of nine spring wheat cultivars. Crop Sci. 26:563–567.Google Scholar
10. Lindstrom, M. J., Papendick, R. I., and Koehler, F. E. 1976. A model to predict winter wheat emergence as affected by soil temperature, water potential, and depth of planting. Agron. J. 68:137–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. McGinnies, W. J. 1960. Effects of moisture stress and temperature on germination of six range grasses. Agron. J. 52:159–162.Google Scholar
12. Makowski, R.M.D. 1987. The evaluation of Malva pusilla Sm. as a weed and its pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. f. sp. malvae as a bioherbicide. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. 225 pp.Google Scholar
13. Makowski, R.M.D. and Morrison, I. N. 1989. The biology of Canadian weeds. 91. Malva pusilla Sm. (=M. rotundifolia L.) Can. J. Plant Sci. 69:861–879.Google Scholar
14. Mortensen, K. 1988. The potential of an endemic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, for biological control of round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci. 36:473–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. O'Donovan, J. T., de St. Remy, E. A., O'Sullivan, P. A., Dew, D., and Sharma, A. K. 1985. Influence of relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatua) on yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 33:498–503.Google Scholar
16. Pawloski, M. C. and Shaykewich, C. F. 1972. Germination of wheat as affected by soil water stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 52:619–623.Google Scholar
17. Plotworks, Inc. 1989. Plot88 Software Library Reference Manual. 3rd ed. Plotworks, Inc., Ramona, CA.Google Scholar
18. SAS Institute, Inc. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5 ed. SAS Inst, Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
19. Sharma, M. L. 1976. Interaction of water potential and temperature effects on germination of three semi-arid plant species. Agron. J. 68:390–394.Google Scholar
20. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. Pages 173–177.Google Scholar
21. Wright, D. L., Blaser, R. E., and Woodrull, J. M. 1978. Seedling emergence as related to temperature and moisture tension. Agron J. 70:709–712.Google Scholar
22. Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed-crop competition. Int. Plant Prot. Ctr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 195 pp.Google Scholar