Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T14:02:28.947Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interference between hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and soybean (Glycine max) in response to irrigation and nitrogen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

C. Andy King  and
Larry C. Purcell
C. Andy King
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Soybean yield loss from weed interference depends upon weed density and competitiveness of crop and weed species in response to environment. Soil water availability and nitrogen fertility were evaluated for their effect on competitiveness of individual species in field experiments. Early-season temperatures in 1995, which were cool compared to 1994, slowed hemp sesbania growth without affecting soybean growth. This resulted in negligible competition with soybean by hemp sesbania at densities of 3 or 6 plants m−2. In 1994, hemp sesbania grew above the soybean canopy, decreasing soybean light interception 29 to 68%, and reducing soybean yield 30 to 48%. Fertilizer nitrogen increased soybean competitiveness, as indicated by biomass production, only in irrigated plots with hemp sesbania at 3 m−2, but did not affect soybean yield. Apparently, competition for light is a primary cause of soybean yield loss from hemp sesbania infestations. In growth chamber studies, simulating temperatures from the field, hemp sesbania growth was stimulated more by warm temperatures than was soybean. Hemp sesbania and soybean dry weights increased 4.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively, at 30/20 C day/night temperatures compared to 25/15 C.

Keywords

Interferencelight interceptionSEBEXdroughttemperatureHemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex. A. W. Hill SEBEXsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 91 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bruff, S. A. and Shaw, D. R. 1992. Early season herbicide applications for weed control in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6: 36–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Silva, M., Purcell, L. C., and King, C. A. 1996. Soybean petiole ureide response to water deficits and decreased transpiration. Crop Sci. 36: 611–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowler, C. C. 1995. Weed survey—southern states. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 48: 290–325.Google Scholar
Durand, J. I., Sheehy, J. E., and Minchin, F. R. 1987. Nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis, and nodule water potential in soyabean plants experiencing water deprivation. J. Exp. Bot. 38: 311–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fehr, W. R., Caviness, C. E., Burmood, D. T., and Pennington, J. S. 1971. Stage of development descriptions for soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Crop Sci. 11: 929–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flint, E. P., Patterson, D. T., Mortensen, D. A., Riechers, G. H., and Beyers, J. L. 1984. Temperature effects on growth and leaf production in three weed species. Weed Sci. 32: 655–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, H. and Egli, D. B. 1995. Soybean seed number and crop growth rate during flowering. Agron. J. 87: 264–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, C. A. and Oliver, L. R. 1992. Application rate and timing of acifluorfen, bentazon, chlorimuron, and imazaquin. Weed Technol. 6: 526–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorenzi, H. J. and Jeffery, L. S. 1987. Weeds of the United States and their Control. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 355 pp.Google Scholar
McWhorter, C. G. and Anderson, J. M. 1979. Hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) competition in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 27: 58–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWhorter, C. G. and Anderson, J. M. 1993. Effects of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and delayed harvest on soybeans. Weed Technol. 7: 355–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pope, D. F., Thompson, A. C., and Cole, A. W. 1985. The effects of root exudates on soybeans. in Thompson, A. C., ed. The Chemistry of Allelopathy. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, pp. 235–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risley, M. A. and Oliver, L. R. 1991. Efficacy of imazaquin on various weed species. Weed Sci. 39: 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, T. R., Muchow, R. C., Bennett, J. M., and Hammond, L. C. 1987. Relative sensitivity of nitrogen and biomass accumulation to drought in field-grown soybean. Agron. J. 79: 986–991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughn, K. C., Duke, S. O., Duke, S. H., and Henson, C. A. 1982. Ultrastructural localization of urate oxidase in nodules of Sesbania exaltata, Glycine max, and Medicago sativa . Histochemistry 74: 309–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vidrine, P. R., Reynolds, D. B., and Griffin, J. L. 1992. Postemergence hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) control in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6: 374–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar