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Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Seed Dispersal in Corn Crops under Mediterranean Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Judit Barroso ,
Dionisio Andújar ,
Carolina San Martín ,
César Fernández-Quintanilla  and
José Dorado
Judit Barroso*
Affiliation:
Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Leon Johnson Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3120
Dionisio Andújar
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Carolina San Martín
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
César Fernández-Quintanilla
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
José Dorado
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: judit.barroso@montana.edu
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Abstract

Natural dissemination of johnsongrass seeds as well as the effect of combine harvesting on this process were studied in corn fields. The estimation of natural dispersal was carried out by two different methods, collecting seeds throughout the season using seed traps and sampling soil–surface seed abundance before harvest using a vacuum device. Both methods showed the same dispersal pattern. A minimum of 84.6% was dispersed in the first 2 m from the focus and a maximum of 1.6% was dispersed beyond the first 5 m. An average of 76.3% of these dispersed seeds were lost or buried after shedding but before harvest. Seed dispersal by the combine harvester was estimated from the difference between soil–surface seed abundance in the same sites pre and postharvest. Although the quantity of seeds dispersed by the combine was similar to those dispersed by natural factors, dispersal distances were significantly higher. Around 90% of the dispersed seeds were found in the first 5 m forward and backward of the combine direction from the infestation source, and 1.6% of the seeds were found beyond 22 m forward and 10 m backward of the combine direction from the infestation source. A large proportion of the seeds dispersed were dormant or not viable. It is concluded that the major role of sexual reproduction in johnsongrass population dynamics may be to spread the risks, promoting dispersal in time and space.

Keywords

Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHAcorn, Zea mays LNatural seed dispersalcombine harvester dispersalgrain maizedispersal pattern
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 34 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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