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Late-Season Weed Management to Stop Viable Weed Seed Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Erin C. Hill ,
Karen A. Renner ,
Mark J. VanGessel ,
Robin R. Bellinder  and
Barbara A. Scott
Erin C. Hill*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Karen A. Renner
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Mark J. VanGessel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE 19947
Robin R. Bellinder
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Barbara A. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE 19947
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hiller12@msu.edu
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Abstract

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Integrated weed management (IWM) for agronomic and vegetable production systems utilizes all available options to effectively manage weeds. Late-season weed control measures are often needed to improve crop harvest and stop additions to the weed seed bank. Eliminating the production of viable weed seeds is one of the key IWM practices. The objective of this research was to determine how termination method and timing influence viable weed seed production of late-season weed infestations. Research was conducted in Delaware, Michigan, and New York over a 2-yr period. The weeds studied included: common lambsquarters, common ragweed, giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf. Three termination methods were imposed: cutting at the plant base (simulating hand hoeing), chopping (simulating mowing), and applying glyphosate. The three termination timings were flowering, immature seeds present, and mature seeds present. Following termination, plants were stored in the field in mesh bags until mid-Fall when seeds were counted and tested for viability. Termination timing influenced viable seed development; however, termination method did not. Common ragweed and giant foxtail produced viable seeds when terminated at the time of flowering. All species produced some viable seed when immature seeds were present at the time of termination. The time of viable seed formation varied based on species and site-year, ranging from plants terminated the day of flowering to 1,337 growing degree d after flowering (base 10, 0 to 57 calendar d). Viable seed production was reduced by 64 to 100% when common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf were terminated with immature seeds present, compared to when plants were terminated with some mature seeds present. Our results suggest that terminating common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and giant foxtail prior to flowering, and velvetleaf and jimsonweed less than 2 and 3 wk after flowering, respectively, greatly reduces weed seed bank inputs.

Keywords

Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.common ragweed, Ambrosia artemiisifolia L.giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm.jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L.velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti MedikAnthesisgerminationseed bankseed developmentseed settermination
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 112 - 118
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Texas A&M University.

References

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