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Ozone Enhances Adaptive Benefit of Glyphosate Resistance in Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

D. A. Grantz ,
A. Shrestha  and
H-B. Vu
D. A. Grantz*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, and Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA 93648
A. Shrestha
Affiliation:
Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California, Parlier, CA 93648
H-B. Vu
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, and Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA 93648
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: david@uckac.edu
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Abstract

Since the first identification of glyphosate resistance in horseweed in California in 2005, the glyphosate-sensitive (GS) biotype has become rare, whereas the glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotype has become dominant in the eastern San Joaquin Valley (SJV). This is an area exposed to regular usage of glyphosate and to high levels of ambient ground-level ozone (O3). A previous study showed that SJV biotypes of GR are more robust than GS in the absence of ozone. This advantage was reduced, though not eliminated, at elevated O3. This suggests that the rapid evolution of resistance to glyphosate was not linked to evolution of resistance to O3. In this study, we contrasted these responses to O3 in the presence of concurrent glyphosate pressure. The GR and GS biotypes differed in growth and injury, reflecting their known differential sensitivities to glyphosate, but responded similarly to O3 with no O3 × biotype interaction. Ozone imposed an unexpected, but ecologically important, impact that enhanced the performance advantage of GR over GS. In the presence of the combination of glyphosate and O3 the biomass of GR was reduced to low but viable levels, whereas the biomass of GS was reduced to nonviable levels that effectively removed it from the population. These data do not support a genetic linkage between resistance to glyphosate and to O3, but suggest that air pollution may have accelerated the fixation of glyphosate-resistance alleles in California horseweed populations.

Keywords

Glyphosatehorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICAOzoneO3herbicide resistancerapid evolution
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 549 - 554
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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