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Phosphorus absorption in lettuce, smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) mixtures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bielinski M. Santos ,
Joan A. Dusky ,
William M. Stall ,
Thomas A. Bewick ,
Donn G. Shilling  and
James P. Gilreath
Joan A. Dusky
Affiliation:
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611
William M. Stall
Affiliation:
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611
Thomas A. Bewick
Affiliation:
USDA-CSREES-PAS, Mailstop 2220, Washington, D.C. 20250
Donn G. Shilling
Affiliation:
Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703
James P. Gilreath
Affiliation:
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203
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Abstract

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of phosphorus (P) concentrations on the growth of lettuce, smooth pigweed, and common purslane in monocultures and in mixtures and to determine the P-absorption rate of each species over time. For the P-competition studies, lettuce–smooth pigweed and lettuce–common purslane mixtures were established in P-less hydroponic solutions. Each lettuce–weed mixture was established separately. Concentrations of P were 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg L−1. Lettuce to weed planting proportions were 2:0, 0:2, and 1:1. In the mixtures, biomass of common purslane increased sharply between 10 and 20 mg P L−1, depressing lettuce growth. No biomass changes were observed in smooth pigweed as P concentration increased. However, both weeds increased their P content within this range, depriving lettuce of this nutrient. Common purslane competed for P for its own growth, whereas smooth pigweed absorbed P luxuriously. For the P-absorption studies, roots of lettuce, smooth pigweed, and common purslane plants were submersed in a 20 mg P L−1 solution for 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180, 360, 720, and 1,440 min. Common purslane was shown to be the most aggressive species for the nutrient, absorbing 50% of the content in 295 min, whereas lettuce and smooth pigweed needed 766 and 825 min to absorb 10 mg P L−1.

Keywords

Common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROLsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACHlettuce, Lactuca sativa L.Interferencecompetitionnutrient uptakehydroponicsreplacement series
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 3 , June 2004 , pp. 389 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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