Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:07:41.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Picloram Release from Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Roots in the Field

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Michael V. Hickman ,
Calvin G. Messersmith  and
Rodney G. Lym
Michael V. Hickman
Affiliation:
Crop & Weed Sci. Dep., N.D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Calvin G. Messersmith
Affiliation:
Crop & Weed Sci. Dep., N.D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Rodney G. Lym
Affiliation:
Crop & Weed Sci. Dep., N.D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Picloram release by leafy spurge roots, as affected by picloram rate, plant growth stage, and time intervals after treatment, was quantified under field conditions. Picloram was pipe-wick applied to leafy spurge in the vegetative, flowering, and seed-filling growth stages. Percent leafy spurge control was evaluated and picloram residues were determined in soil samples from 0- to 13-, 13- to 26-, and 26- to 39-cm depths taken 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment. Leafy spurge was controlled (frequently >85%) by all picloram concentrations applied, although control tended to increase as solution concentration increased. Picloram release from roots was greater from plants treated in the flowering and seed-filling stages than from plants in the vegetative stage. Picloram release from roots generally was correlated with application rate, averaging 490, 820, and 1420 ppbw in soil for the 30, 60, and 120 g ae/L application rates, respectively. Picloram release from roots occurred rapidly with 86% of the picloram detected in the 0- to 13-cm soil depth present by 1 week after treatment. Picloram was detected at all soil depths sampled, but over 84% was in the upper 13 cm and 8% was in both the 13- to 26- and 26- to 39-cm depths. Leafy spurge shoots emerged through a 7.5- and 15-cm depth of picloram-treated soil at concentrations up to 1000 ppbw within 14 to 21 days after the untreated control. Picloram soil residue had little effect on leafy spurge root growth.

Keywords

Picloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acidleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. ♯3 EPHESHerbicide exudation
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , March 1989 , pp. 167 - 174
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bjerke, E. L. 1973. Determination of residues of picloram in soil by gas chromatography. ACR 73.3. Dow Chem. Co., Midland, MI.Google Scholar
2. Bybee, T. A. 1979. Factors affecting leafy spurge control including leafy spurge reestablishment, herbicide application dates, herbicide translocation and root carbohydrates. Ph.D. Thesis, North Dakota State Univ. Univ. Microfilms. Ann Arbor, MI. (Diss. Abstr. 7922217).Google Scholar
3. Chang, F. Y. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1968. Translocation of dicamba in Canada thistle. Weed Sci. 16:176–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Coupland, R. T. and Alex, J. F. 1955. Distribution of vegetative buds on underground parts of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Can. J. Agric. Sci. 35:76–82.Google Scholar
5. Ebke, D. H. and McCarty, M. K. 1983. A nursery of leafy spurge (Euphorbia spp.) complex from North America. Weed Sci. 31: 866–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Fites, R. C., Slife, F. W., and Hanson, J. B. 1964. Translocation and metabolism of radioactive 2,4-D in jimsonweed. Weeds 12:180–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Galoux, M. P., Bernes, A. C., and Van Damme, J. C. 1985. Gas chromatographic determination of 3,6-dichloro-picolinic acid residues in soils and its application to the residue dissipation in a soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33:965–968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
9. Grover, R. 1977. Mobility of dicamba, picloram, and 2,4-D in soil columns. Weed Sci. 25:159–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Hurtt, W. and Foy, C. L. 1965. Excretion of foliar-applied dicamba and picloram from roots of Black Valentine beans grown in soil, sand, and culture solution. Proc. 19th Northeast Weed Control Conf. Page 602.Google Scholar
11. Lingle, S. E. and Suttle, J. C. 1985. A model system for the study of 2,4-D translocation in leafy spurge. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1983. Control of leafy spurge with herbicides. North Dakota Farm Res. 40(5):16–19.Google Scholar
13. Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1987. Carbohydrates in leafy spurge roots as influenced by environment. J. Range Manage. 40:139–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1987. Leafy spurge control and herbicide residue from annual picloram and 2,4-D applications. J. Range Manage. 40:194–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Messersmith, C. G. and Lym, R. G. 1981. A pipe-wick herbicide applicator for perennial weed control in pastures. Res. Rep. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 38:36–37.Google Scholar
16. Neidermyer, R. W. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1969. Uptake, translocation and fate of 2,4-D in nightflowering catchfly and common lambsquarters. Weed Sci. 17:528–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Selleck, G. W., Coupland, R. T., and Frankton, C. 1962. Leafy spurge in Saskatchewan. Ecol. Monogr. 32:1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Sharma, M. P. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1971. Effect of picloram on 14CO2-fixation and translocation of 14C-assimilates of Canada thistle, soybean, and corn. Can. J. Bot. 49:69–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Wells, M.J.M., Michael, J. L., and Neary, D. G. 1984. Determination of picloram in soil and water by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13:231–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar