Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:39:04.690Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pollen- and Seed-Mediated Gene Flow in Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hugh J. Beckie ,
Robert E. Blackshaw ,
Linda M. Hall  and
Eric N. Johnson
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research & Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
Robert E. Blackshaw
Affiliation:
AAFC, Lethbridge Research & Development Centre, P.O. Box 3000, 5403 1st. Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
Linda M. Hall
Affiliation:
Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 AgForestry Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hugh.beckie@agr.gc.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Efficient natural dispersal of herbicide-resistance alleles via seed and pollen can markedly accelerate the incidence of herbicide-resistant weed populations across an agroecoregion. Studies were conducted in western Canada in 2014 and 2015 to investigate pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow in kochia. Pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) from glyphosate-resistant (GR) to non-GR kochia was quantified in a field trial (hub and spoke design) at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Seed-mediated gene flow of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant kochia as a function of tumbleweed speed and distance was estimated in cereal stubble fields at Lethbridge, Alberta and Scott, Saskatchewan. Regression analysis indicated that outcrossing from GR to adjacent non-GR kochia ranged from 5.3 to 7.5%, declining exponentially to 0.1 to 0.4% at 96 m distance. However, PMGF was significantly influenced by prevailing wind direction during pollination (maximum of 11 to 17% outcrossing down-wind). Seed dropped by tumbleweeds varied with distance and plant speed, approaching 90% or more (ca. 100,000 seeds or more) at distances of up to 1,000 m and plant speeds of up to 300 cm s–1. This study highlights the efficient proximal (pollen) and distal (seed) gene movement of this important GR weed.

Keywords

Glyphosatekochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., KCHSCALS-inhibitor resistanceglyphosate resistanceherbicide resistancemultiple resistancepollen flow
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 624 - 633
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Marie A. Jasieniuk, University of California, Davis.

References

Literature Cited

Baker, DV, Beck, KG, Bienkiewicz, BJ, Bjostad, LB (2008) Forces necessary to initiate dispersal for three tumbleweeds Inv Plant Sci Manag 1:59–65 Google Scholar
Becker, DA (1978) Stem abscission in tumbleweeds of the Chenopodiaceae: kochia Am J Bot 65:375–383 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Blackshaw, RE, Low, R, Hall, LM, Sauder, CA, Martin, SL, Brandt, RN, Shirriff, SW (2013) Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor–resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Western Canada Weed Sci 61:310–318 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Gulden, RH, Shaikh, N, Johnson, EN, Willenborg, CJ, Brenzil, CA, Shirriff, SW, Lozinski, C, Ford, G (2015) Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Can J Plant Sci 95:345–349 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Sikkema, PH, Soltani, N, Blackshaw, RE, Johnson, EN (2014) Environmental impact of glyphosate-resistant weeds in Canada Weed Sci 62:385–392 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Warwick, SI, Sauder, CA, Hall, LM, Harker, KN, Lozinski, C (2011a). Pollen-mediated gene flow in commercial fields of spring wheat in western Canada. Crop Sci 51:306–313 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Warwick, SI, Sauder, CA, Lozinski, C, Shirriff, S (2011b). Occurrence and molecular characterization of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor–resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia) in western Canada Weed Technol 25:170–175 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Weiss, RM, Leeson, JY, Olfert, OO (2012). Range expansion of kochia (Kochia scoparia) in North America under a changing climate. Pages 33–46 in Ivany, JA, Blackshaw, RE, eds. Climate Change and the Canadian Agricultural Environment. Vol 8. Pinawa, MB: Topics in Canadian Weed Science Google Scholar
Bell, AR, Nalewaja, JD, Schooler, AB (1972) Light period, temperature, and kochia flowering Weed Sci 20:462–464 Google Scholar
Blackwell, WH, Powell, MJ (1981) A preliminary note on pollination in the Chenopodiaceae Ann Mo Bot Gard 68:524–526 Google Scholar
Fay, PK, Mulugeta, DM, Dyer, WE (1992) The role of seed dispersal in the spread of sulfonylurea resistant Kochia scoparia . Weed Sci Soc Am Abstr 32:49 Google Scholar
Forcella, F (1985) Final distribution is related to rate of spread in alien weeds Weed Res 25:181–191 Google Scholar
Friesen, LF, Beckie, HJ, Warwick, SI, Van Acker, RC (2009) The biology of Canadian weeds. 138. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Can J Plant Sci 89:141–167 Google Scholar
Godar, AS, Stahlman, PW, Jugulam, M, Dille, JA (2015) Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Kansas: EPSPS gene copy number in relation to resistance levels Weed Sci 63:587–595 Google Scholar
Guttieri, MJ, Eberlein, CV (1998) Inbreeding coefficients of field populations of Kochia Scoparia using chlorsulfuron resistance as a phenotypic marker Weed Sci 46:521–525 Google Scholar
Guttieri, MJ, Eberlein, CV, Thill, DC (1995) Diverse mutations in the acetolactate synthase gene confer chlorsulfuron resistance in kochia (Kochia scoparia) biotypes Weed Sci 43:175–178 Google Scholar
Hall, LM, Beckie, HJ, Low, R, Shirriff, SW, Blackshaw, RE, Kimmel, N, Neeser, C (2014) Survey of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L Schrad.) in Alberta. Can J Plant Sci 94:127–130 Google Scholar
Heap, IM (2016) International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org. Accessed May 1, 2016Google Scholar
Jhala, AJ, Bhatt, H, Topinka, K, Hall, LM (2011) Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist? Heredity 106:557–566 Google Scholar
Jugulam, M, Niehues, K, Godar, AS, Koo, D-H, Danilova, T, Friebe, B, Sehgal, S, Varanasi, VK, Wiersma, AT, Westra, P, Stahlman, PW, Gill, BS (2014) Tandem amplification of a chromosomal segment harboring EPSPS locus confers glyphosate resistance in Kochia scoparia Plant Physiol 166:1200–1207 Google Scholar
Kvalseth, TO (1985) Cautionary note about R 2 Am Stat 39:279–285 Google Scholar
Leeson, JY, Thomas, AG, Hall, LM, Brenzil, CA, Andrews, T, Brown, KR, Van Acker, RC (2005) Prairie weed surveys of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops from the 1970s to the 2000s. Weed Survey Series Publ. 05-1. Saskatoon, SK: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 395 pGoogle Scholar
Légère, A, Stevenson, FC, Beckie, HJ, Warwick, SI, Johnson, EN, Hrynewich, B, Lozinski, C (2013) Growth characterization of kochia (Kochia scoparia) with substitutions at Pro197 or Trp574 conferring resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides Weed Sci 61:267–276 Google Scholar
Mallory-Smith, CA, Thill, DC, Stallings, GP (1993) Survey and gene flow in acetolactate synthase resistant kochia and Russian thistle. Pages 555–558 in Brighton Crop Protection Conference–Weeds. Farnham, UK: British Crop Protection Council Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D (1991) Management, inheritance, and gene flow of resistance to chlorsulfuron in Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. MS thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 134 pGoogle Scholar
Mulugeta, D, Fay, PK, Dyer, WE (1992) The role of pollen in the spread of sulfonylurea resistant Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Weed Sci Soc Am Abstr 32:48 Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D, Maxwell, BD, Fay, PK, Dyer, WE (1994) Kochia (Kochia scoparia) pollen dispersion, viability and germination Weed Sci 42:548–552 Google Scholar
Niehues, K (2014) Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in Kochia scoparia . MS thesis. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University. 47 pGoogle Scholar
Sarangi, D, Irmak, S, Lindquist, JL, Knezevic, SZ, Jhala, AJ (2015) Effect of water stress on the growth and fecundity of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis). Weed Sci 64:42–52 Google Scholar
SAS Institute (2013) SAS/STAT User's Guide Version 13.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. 9480 pGoogle Scholar
Schwinghamer, TD, Van Acker, RC (2008) Emergence timing and persistence of kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci 56:37–41 Google Scholar
Stallings, GP, Thill, DC, Mallory-Smith, CA, Shafii, B (1995) Pollen-mediated gene flow of sulfonylurea-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci 43:95–102 Google Scholar
Thill, DC, Mallory-Smith, CA (1996) Management of ALS-inhibitor herbicide-resistant Kochia scoparia in North America. Pages 399–405 in Brown, H, Cussans, GW, Devine, MD, Duke, SO, Fernandez-Quintanilla, C, Helweg, A, Labrada, RE, Landes, M, Kudsk, P, Streibig, JC, eds. Proceedings of the Second International Weed Control Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.Google Scholar
Thill, DC, Mallory-Smith, CA, Saari, LL, Cotterman, JC, Primiani, MM, Saladini, JL (1991) Sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weeds: discovery, distribution, biology, mechanism, and management. Pages 115–128 in Caseley, JC, Cussans, GW, Atkin, RK, eds. Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd Google Scholar
Thompson, CR, Thill, DC, Mallory-Smith, CA, Shafii, B (1994a) Characterization of chlorsulfuron resistant and susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Technol 8:470–476 Google Scholar
Thompson, CR, Thill, DC, Shafii, B (1994b) Growth and competitiveness of sulfonylurea-resistant and -susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci 42:172–179 Google Scholar
Varanasi, VK, Godar, AS, Currie, RS, Dille, AJ, Thompson, CR, Stahlman, PW, Jugulam, M (2015) Field evolved resistance to four modes of action of herbicides in a single kochia (Kochia scoparia L Schrad.) population. Pest Manag Sci 71:1207–1212 Google Scholar
Waite, J C (2008) Glyphosate resistance in kochia. MS Thesis. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University. 31 pGoogle Scholar
Waite, J, Thompson, CR, Peterson, DE, Currie, RS, Olson, BL, Stahlman, PW, Al-Khatib, K (2013) Differential kochia (Kochia scoparia) populations response to glyphosate Weed Sci 61:193–200 Google Scholar
Watson, PR, Derksen, DA, Thomas, AG, Turnbull, GT, Blackshaw, RE, Leeson, JY, Légère, A, Van Acker, RC, Brandt, SA, Johnston, AM, Lafond, GP, McConkey, BG (2001) Weed management and ecology in conservation-tillage systems: determination of weed community changes in conservation-tillage systems. Weed Community Analysis Series, Publ Dow-2001–01. Brandon, MB: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 229 pGoogle Scholar
Wiersma, AT, Gaines, TA, Preston, C, Hamilton, JP, Giacomini, D, Buell, CR, Leach, JE, Westra, P (2015) Gene amplification of 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in glyphosate-resistant Kochia scoparia Planta 241:463–474 Google Scholar