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Quinclorac belongs to a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Klaus Grossmann
Klaus Grossmann*
Affiliation:
BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, D-67114 Limburgerhof, Germany; Klaus.grossmann@msm.basf-ag.de
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Abstract

Substituted quinolinecarboxylic acids, including quinclorac (BAS 514H), are a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides, which are chemically similar to naturally occurring compounds isolated from plants and soils. Quinclorac is used in rice to control important dicot and monocot weeds, particularly barnyardgrass. The herbicide has also been developed for application in turfgrass areas, spring wheat, and chemical fallow. Quinclorac is readily absorbed by germinating seeds, roots, and leaves and is translocated in the plant both acropetally and basipetally. By mimicking an auxin overdose, quinclorac affects the phytohormonal system in sensitive plants. The compound stimulates the induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase activity and thus promotes ethylene biosynthesis. In susceptible dicots, increased levels of ethylene trigger an accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), which, as part of the intrinsic auxin activity of quinclorac, plays a major role in growth inhibition and the induction of epinasty and senescence. In sensitive grasses, such as barnyardgrass species, large crabgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and green foxtail, quinclorac leads particularly to an accumulation of tissue cyanide, formed as a co-product during increased ACC and ethylene synthesis. This causes phytotoxicity characterized by the inhibition of root and particularly shoot growth with tissue chlorosis and subsequent necrosis. These effects were not observed in tolerant rice and a resistant biotype of barnyardgrass. No significant differences in uptake, translocation, or metabolism of quinclorac between resistant and sensitive grasses were found. Hence, a target-site-based mechanism of selectivity is suggested. The induction process of the ACC synthase activity plays the primary role in the selective herbicide action of quinclorac. This is a common effect of auxin herbicides and auxins, which lead to the accumulation of cyanide and/or ABA depending on the plant species and tissues, the compound concentration in the tissue, and their biological activity.

Keywords

Clopyralid2,4DdicambaIAA, indole-3-acetic acidMCPAα-NAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acidpicloramquinclorac, BAS 514H, 3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acidquinmerac, 7-chloro-3-methyl-8-quinolinecarboxylic acidbroadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nashbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ECHCGlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. SETVIrice, Oryza sativa L. ORYSAspring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. TRZASAbscisic acidACC synthaseauxin herbicidescyanideethyleneECHCGDIGSASETVIORYSATRZAS
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 6 , December 1998 , pp. 707 - 716
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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