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Response of Corn (Zea mays L.) Inbreds and Hybrids to Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Jerry M. Green  and
Jim F. Ulrich
Jerry M. Green
Affiliation:
Agric. Prod., Stine-Haskell Res. Ctr., DuPont Co., Newark, DE 19714
Jim F. Ulrich
Affiliation:
Agric. Prod., Stine-Haskell Res. Ctr., DuPont Co., Newark, DE 19714
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Abstract

Extensive field and greenhouse studies were done to characterize varietal response of three recently commercialized sulfonylurea corn herbicides: nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and thifensulfuron. Most of the 94 varieties tested were highly tolerant to these herbicides. The 37 inbreds represented all major inbred families now used in hybrid seed production as well as several sensitive experimentals. Twenty-one defined hybrids from these inbreds as well as 36 commercially coded hybrids were also tested. Sensitive inbreds produced tolerant hybrids when crossed with tolerant inbreds. Sensitive hybrids occurred when both parents were sensitive. Genetic analysis of sensitive by tolerant crosses showed that sensitivity is controlled by a single recessive gene. Nicosulfuron had the widest corn safety margin and fewest sensitive varieties. Dose response analysis showed varieties can vary more than 40 000-fold in sensitivity. Only corn varieties with the AHAS-modified XA-17 gene showed any change in enzyme sensitivity. This gene overcame sensitivity to sulfonylureas, even when the organophosphate insecticide terbufos was present. Thus, breeders have three options to eliminate sulfonylurea sensitivity: backcross sensitive inbreds with tolerant, always use at least one tolerant hybrid parent, or use the XA-17 gene.

Keywords

Nicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)aminocarbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamideprimisulfuron, 2-[[[[[4,6-bis(difluoromethoxy)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]-carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acidthifensulfuron, 3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acidterbufos, S-[(tert-butylthio)methyl]-O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioatecorn, Zea mays L.MaizenicosulfuronprimisulfuronthifensulfuronchlorimuronchlorsulfurontribenuronmetsulfuronsulfometuronvarietiesXA-17AHASALSresistance
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 1993 , pp. 508 - 516
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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