Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:41:46.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Secondary dormancy, temperature, and burial depth regulate seedbank dynamics in canola

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert H. Gulden ,
A. Gordon Thomas  and
Steven J. Shirtliffe
Robert H. Gulden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
A. Gordon Thomas
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In western Canada, seasonal seedling recruitment has been reported in weedy canola populations, and seed persistence has been linked to the secondary seed dormancy potential of a genotype. Temperature influences secondary seed dormancy induction in this species. In these experiments we (1) investigated the influence of temperature and osmotic potential on secondary seed dormancy induction in canola, (2) related these to seedbank dynamics and seedling recruitment of two canola genotypes with different seed dormancy potentials in the field, and (3) investigated the influence of residue, burial depth, and soil type on seedbank dynamics and seedling recruitment in the field. In the laboratory, rates of seed dormancy induction were positively correlated to increasing temperatures and water stress. The role of temperature was approximately threefold more important to seed dormancy development than was osmotic potential within the tested ranges of these variables. In the field, seasonal seedbank dynamics of canola buried at 10 cm were strongly influenced by a genotype's inherent potential for secondary dormancy. An increase in the ungerminable portion of the seedbank was observed in the high-dormancy genotype as soil temperatures increased during spring. This did not occur in the low-dormancy genotype, resulting in sixfold less seed persistence in this genotype by midsummer, by which time, the total remaining seedbank was ungerminable in both genotypes. At the 1-cm burial depth, most of the seedbank was depleted by midsummer of the year after seedbank establishment because of high seedbank mortality in all treatments. Thus, the seasonal recruitment behavior in canola was primarily a function of seed death in the shallow seedbank and a shift to an ungerminable state in the deep seedbank.

Keywords

Canola, Brassica napus L.Burial depthcanoladormancyseed persistenceseedbank dynamics
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 3 , June 2004 , pp. 382 - 388
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Acton, D. F., Padbury, G. A., and Stushnoff, C. T. 1998. The Ecoregions of Saskatchewan. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Hignell. Pp. 125–126.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1988. Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. Am. J. Bot 75:286–305.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C., Baskin, J. M., and El Moursay, S. A. 1996. Seasonal changes in germination responses of buried seeds of the weedy summer annual grass Setaria glauca . Weed Res 36:319–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977. Role of temperature in the germination ecology of three summer annual weeds. Oecologia 30:377–382.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1985. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: continuum. Bioscience 35:492–498.Google Scholar
Bouwmeester, H. J. and Karssen, C. M. 1992. The dual role of temperature in the regulation of the seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of seeds of Polygonum persicaria L. Oecologia 90:88–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canola Council of Canada. 2001. An Agronomic and Economic Assessment of Transgenic Canola. www.canola-council.org/production/ gmo_toc.html.Google Scholar
Gauer, E., Shaykewich, C. F., and Stobbe, E. H. 1982. Soil temperature and soil water under zero tillage in Manitoba. Can. J. Soil Sci 62:311–325.Google Scholar
Gulden, R. H., Shirtliffe, S. J., and Thomas, A. G. 2003a. Harvest losses of canola (Brassica napus) cause large seedbank inputs. Weed Sci 51:83–86.Google Scholar
Gulden, R. H., Thomas, A. G., and Shirtliffe, S. J. 2003b. Secondary seed dormancy prolongs persistence of volunteer canola (Brassica napus) in western Canada. Weed Sci 51:904–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulden, R. H., Thomas, A. G., and Shirtliffe, S. J. 2004. Relative contribution of genotype, seed size and environment to secondary seed dormancy potential expression in Canadian spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Weed Res 44:1–10.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y. 1980/1981. Influences on seed germinability: phenotypic maternal effects during maturation. Isr. J. Bot 29:105–117.Google Scholar
Hall, L., Topinka, K., Huffman, J., Davis, L., and Good, A. 2000. Pollen flow between herbicide-resistant Brassica napus is the cause of multiple- resistant B. napus volunteers. Weed Sci 48:688–694.Google Scholar
Légère, A., Simard, M. J., Thomas, A. G., Pageau, D., Lajeunesse, J., Warwick, S. I., and Derksen, D. A. 2001. Presence and persistence of volunteer canola in Canadian cropping systems. Pages 143–148 in Proceedings of the British Crop Protection Council Conference—Weeds 2001. Farnham, Surrey, Great Britain: British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Littell, R. C., Milliken, G. A., Stroup, W. W., and Wolfinger, R. D. 1996. Pages 31–86 in SAS System for Mixed Models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Lutman, P. J. W. 1993. The occurrence and persistence of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Asp. Appl. Biol 35:29–36.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Momoh, E. J. J., Zhou, W. J., and Kristiansson, B. 2002. Variation in the development of secondary seed dormancy in oilseed rape genotypes under conditions of stress. Weed Res 42:446–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekrun, C. 1994. Untersuchungen zur secondären Dormanz bei Raps (Brassica napus L.). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 119 p.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Hewitt, J. D. J., and Lutman, P. J. W. 1998. Cultural control of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). J. Agric. Sci 130:155–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekrun, C. and Lutman, P. J. W. 1998. The influence of post-harvest cultivation on the persistence of volunteer oilseed rape. Asp. Appl. Biol 51:113–118.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Lutman, P. J. W., and Baeumer, K. 1997a. Germination behavior of dormant oilseed rape seeds in relation to temperature. Weed Res 37:419–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekrun, C., Potter, T. C., and Lutman, P. J. W. 1997b. Genotypic variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape and its impact on the persistence of volunteer rape. Pages 243–248 in Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Council Conference— Weeds 1997. Farnham, Surrey, Great Britain: British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Probert, R. J. 2000. The role of temperature in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Pages 261–292 in Fenner, M., ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. 2nd ed. New York: CABI.Google Scholar
Rao, S. C. and Dao, T. H. 1987. Soil water effects on low-temperature seedling emergence of five Brassica cultivars. Agron. J 79:517–519.Google Scholar
Schlink, S. 1995. Überdauerungsvermögen und Dormanz von Rapssamen (Brassica napus L.) im Boden. Pages 65–73 in 9th European Weed Research Society Symposium; Budapest. Doorwerth, Netherlands: European Weed Research Society.Google Scholar
Sparrow, S. D., Conn, J. S., and Knight, C. W. 1990. Canola seed survival over winter in the field in Alaska. Can. J. Plant Sci 70:799–807.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada. 2002. Matrix 3558, Canadian Canola Production Statis-tics Web Index. www.datacenter.chass.utoronto.ca:5680/cgi-bin/cansim/cc_html.Google Scholar
Takaki, M., Heeringa, G. H., and Dietrich, S. M. C. 1981. Interaction of light and temperature on the germination of Rumex obtusifolius L. Planta 152:209–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylerson, R. B. and DiNola, L. 1989. Increased phytochrome responsiveness and a high-temperature transition in barnyardgrass (Echniochloa crus-galli) seed dormancy. Weed Sci 37:335–338.Google Scholar