Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T15:34:06.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed production and seedbank dynamics in subthreshold velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

John Cardina  and
Heather M. Norquay
Heather M. Norquay
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural and Crop Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The impact of seed production by subthreshold weed populations on future weed problems has impeded the adoption of integrated pest-management principles for weed management. Studies were conducted in fields with no velvetleaf history to determine how seedbanks and seedling populations change following seed production 1 yr or 5 consecutive yr in plow-disk and no-tillage corn. Cumulative seed production by 0.19 velvetleaf plants m−2 increased in a linear fashion from 1989 to 1994, with annual additions averaging from 330 seeds m−2 for velvetleaf in corn to 2,500 seeds m−2 for velvetleaf without competition from corn. Five-year cumulative seed production was 1,480 seeds m−2 in plow-disk and 1,810 seeds m−2 in no-till corn. In no-till corn, 42 velvetleaf seedlings m−2 emerged the 1st year after the 1989 seed rain, but only 35 seedlings m−2 emerged over the next 4 yr. In plow-disk plots, annual emergence averaged 12 seedlings m−2. Five years after the 1989 seed rain, the proportion of seeds lost to emergence was about 20% in both tillage treatments. Where velvetleaf seeds were allowed to return to the soil every year, cumulative seedling emergence was lower in plow-disk than in no-till corn, with total emergence of 70 and 360 seedlings m−2, respectively, after 5 yr. Seedbank numbers ranged from 10 seeds m−2 5 yr after a single seed rain (290 seeds m−2) by velvetleaf in plow-disk corn to 1,020 seeds m−2 following 5 consecutive yr of seed rain where 12,580 seeds m−2 were returned without corn competition in no-till. Seedbank samples in the fall of the 5th year had 69 to 98% fewer seeds than were accounted for by cumulative seed rain and seedling emergence, with greater apparent seed losses in plow-disk corn than in no-till corn. Over 90% velvetleaf control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations for 5 yr following a single seed rain. By comparison, over 95% control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations where velvetleaf seed return is permitted each year.

Keywords

Population ecologyeconomic thresholdseedbankseedling emergenceABUTHvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Dekalb-524’
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 85 - 90
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bauer, T. A. and Mortensen, D. A. 1992. A comparison of economic and economic optimum thresholds for two annual weeds in soybeans. Weed Technol. 6: 228–235.Google Scholar
Browner, C. M. 1993. Testimony before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the U.S. Senate and the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, Committee on Energy and Commerce of the U.S. House of Representatives. 63 p.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Daniel, T. C. 1988. Influence of tillage systems on giant foxtail, Setaria faberi, and velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti, density and control in corn, Zea mays . Weed Sci. 36: 642–647.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Norquay, H. M., Stinner, B. R., and McCartney, D. A. 1996. Postdispersal predation of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds. Weed Sci. 44: 534–539.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Regnier, E., and Sparrow, D. 1995. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) competition and economic thresholds in conventional- and no-tillage corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 43: 81–87.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci. 44: 46–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavers, P. B. and Benoit, D. L. 1989. Seed banks in arable land. in Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T., and Simpson, R. L., eds. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. New York: Academic Press, pp. 309–328.Google Scholar
DeFelice, M. S., Witt, W. W., and Barrett, M. 1988. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) growth and development in conventional and no-tillage corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 36: 609–615.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32: 29–38.Google Scholar
Lindquist, J. L., Maxwell, B. D., Buhler, D. D., and Gunsolus, J. L. 1995. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) recruitment, survival, seed production, and interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 43: 226–232.Google Scholar
Lueschen, W. E. and Andersen, R. N. 1980. Longevity of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds in soil under agricultural practices. Weed Sci. 28: 341–346.Google Scholar
Lueschen, W. E., Andersen, R. N., Hoverstad, T. R., and Kanne, B. K. 1993. Seventeen years of cropping systems and tillage affect velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed longevity. Weed Sci. 41: 82–86.Google Scholar
Mester, T. C. and Buhler, D. D. 1990. Effect of planting depth on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seedling development and response to cyanazine. Weed Sci. 38: 34–38.Google Scholar
Naylor, R.E.L. 1985. Establishment and peri-establishment mortality. in White, J., ed. Studies on Plant Demography. New York: Academic Press, pp. 95–109.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1988. SAS Procedures Guide. Version 6, 3rd ed. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 441 pp.Google Scholar
Sattin, M., Zanin, G., and Berti, A. 1992. Case history for weed competition/population ecology: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 6: 213–219.Google Scholar
Swinton, S. M. and King, R. P. 1994. A bioeconomic model (or weed management in corn and soybean. Agric. Syst. 44: 313–335.Google Scholar
Warwick, S. I. and Black, L. D. 1988. The biology of Canadian weeds. 90. Abutilon theophrasti . Can. J. Plant Sci. 68: 1069–1085.Google Scholar
Zalom, F. G., Ford, R. E., Frisbie, R. E., Edwards, C. R., and Tette, J. P. 1992. Integrated pest management: addressing the economic and environmental issues of contemporary agriculture. in Zalom, F. G. and Fry, W. E., eds. Food, Crop Pests, and the Environment. St. Paul MN: APS Press, pp. 1–12.Google Scholar