Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T11:31:11.791Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spread of Water and Oil Droplets on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Leaves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Chester G. Mcwhorter ,
Clark Ouzts  and
James E. Hanks
Chester G. Mcwhorter
Affiliation:
App. Tech. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776
Clark Ouzts
Affiliation:
Ctr. for Alluvial Plains Studies, Delta State Univ., Cleveland, MS 38733
James E. Hanks
Affiliation:
App. Tech. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Comparative spread of droplets of several different oils and water with different adjuvants on leaf surfaces was investigated. Spread was better on the lower surface of johnsongrass leaves than on upper leaf surfaces with nine of 14 oils studied; two spread best on upper leaf surfaces, and three were equal in spread on both surfaces. Differences in spread coefficients did not appear to be directly related to surface tension, viscosity, or mid-boiling point of the oils. Soybean or cottonseed oils did not spread as well as petroleum oils but methylated soybean and sunflower oils had high spread coefficients on both upper and lower leaf surfaces. All but one petroleum-base oil spread three to four times better on leaf surfaces than on oil-sensitive paper. Water mixtures of an organosilicone surfactant spread much better on water-sensitive paper and on johnsongrass leaves than water with conventional adjuvants, but spread of paraffinic oils exceeded that of any water-adjuvant mixture. Spread coefficients of most petroleum-base oils were better on lower than upper leaf surfaces. Spread usually increased as the age of leaves increased from 14 to 56 d. Water droplets with adjuvant had at least an 86% weight loss after 6 min, but low volatile paraffinic oil droplets had little weight loss 2 d after application.

Keywords

JohnsongrassSorghum halepense (L.) Pers. #3 SORHAWax crystalsadjuvantparaffinic oilcrop oil concentrateCOCmethylated oilsspread coefficientsvegetable oilsSORHA
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 1993 , pp. 460 - 467
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Anonymous. 1983. Oil-sensitive paper CF1 for monitoring spray distribution. CIBA-GEIGY, Ltd. Publication 18660XYe, Basle, Switzerland. 16 pp.Google Scholar
2. Anonymous. 1985. Water-sensitive paper for monitoring spray distribution. CIBA-GEIGY. Ltd. Publication 19374XYe, Basle. Switzerland. 16 pp.Google Scholar
3. Baker, E. A. 1982. Chemistry and morphology of plant epicuticular waxes. Pages 139–166 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., eds. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
4. Baker, E. A., Hunt, G. M., and Stevens, P.J.G. 1983. Studies of plant cuticle and spray droplet interactions: a fresh approach. Pestic. Sci. 14:645–658.Google Scholar
5. Barrentine, W. L. and McWhorter, C. G. 1988. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control with herbicides in oil diluents. Weed Sci. 36:102–110.Google Scholar
6. Bianchi, G., Avato, P., Scarpa, O., Murelli, C., Audisio, G., and Rossini, A. 1989. Composition and structure of maize epicuticular wax esters. Phytochemistry 28:165–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Boize, L., Gudin, C., and Purdue, G. 1976. The influence of leaf surface roughness on the spreading of oil spray drops. Ann. Appl. Biol. 84:205–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Brunskill, R. T. 1956. Factors affecting the retention of spray droplets on leaves. Proc. 3rd Br. Weed Control Conf. 2:593–603.Google Scholar
9. Bukovac, M. J., Petracek, P. D., Fader, R. G., and Morse, R. D. Sorption of organic compounds by plant cuticles. Weed Sci. 38:289–298.Google Scholar
10. Chambers, G. V., Bulawa, M. C., McWhorter, C. G., and Hanks, J. E. 1992. Use of surface relationship models to predict the spreading of nonaqueous droplets on johnsongrass. Pages 218–246 in Chasin, D. G. and Bode, L. E., eds. Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems. Am. Soc. Test. Mater. STP 1112, Philadelphia, PA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Coutts, H. H. and Furmidge, C.G.L. 1971. ULV Spraying. Span 14:143–145.Google Scholar
12. Dominque, J. 1990. Probing the chemistry of the solid/liquid interface. Am. Lab. 22:50, 52, 54, 55.Google Scholar
13. Elliott, J. G. and Wilson, B. J. 1983. The influence of weather on the efficiency and safety of pesticide application—the drift of herbicides. Br. Crop Prot. Counc., Lavenham Press, Ltd., Lavenham, Great Britain. 135 pp.Google Scholar
14. Gudin, C., Syratt, W. J., and Boize, L. 1976. The mechanisms of photosynthetic inhibition and the development of scorch in tomato plants treated with spray oils. Ann. Appl. Biol. 84:213–219.Google Scholar
15. Hadaway, A. B. and Barlow, F. 1965. Studies on the deposition of oil drops. Ann. Appl. Biol. 55:267–274.Google Scholar
16. Hanks, J. E. and McWhorter, C. G. 1991. Variables affecting the use of positive displacement pumps to apply herbicide in ultralow volume. Weed Technol. 5:111–116.Google Scholar
17. Hess, F. D. and Falk, R. H. 1990. Herbicide deposition on leaf surfaces. Weed Sci. 38:280–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Himel, C. M. and Moore, A. D. 1969. Spray droplet size in the control of spruce budworm, boll weevil, bollworm, and cabbage looper. J. Econ. Entomol. 62:916–981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Hull, H. M., Davis, D. G., and Stolzenberg, G. E. 1982. Action of adjuvants on plant surfaces. Pages 26–27 in Hodgson, R. H., ed. Adjuvants for Herbicides. Weed Sci. Soc. Am., Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
20. Jeffree, C. E. 1988. The cuticle/epicuticular waxes and trichomes of plants, with reference to their structure, functions, and evolution. Pages 23–64 in Juniper, B. E. and Southwood, R., eds. Insects and the Plant Surface. Edward Arnold, London.Google Scholar
21. Kurtz, E. B. Jr. 1950. The relation of the characteristics and yield of wax to plant age. Plant Physiol. 25:269–278.Google Scholar
22. McWhorter, C. G. and Barrentine, W. L. 1988. Spread of paraffinic oil on leaf surfaces of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 36:111–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. McWhorter, C. G. and Paul, R. N. 1989. The involvement of silica cells in the production of wax filaments in johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) leaves. Weed Sci. 37:458–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. McWhorter, C. G., Paul, R. N., and Barrentine, W. L. 1990. Morphology, development, and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 38:22–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. McWhorter, C. G., Barrentine, W. L., and Hanks, J. E. 1992. Postemergence grass control with herbicides applied at ULV in paraffinic oil. Weed Technol. 6:262–268.Google Scholar
26. Tulloch, A. P. and Weenink, R. O. 1969. Composition of the leaf wax of little club wheat. Can. J. Chem. 47:3119–3126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Tulloch, A. P. and Hoffman, L. L. 1973. Leaf wax of oats. Lipids 8:617–622.Google Scholar
28. Tulloch, A. P. and Hoffman, L. L. 1974. Epicuticular waxes of Secale cereale and Triticale hexaploide leaves. Phytochemistry 13:2535–2540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Tulloch, A. P. and Hogge, J. R. 1978. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of B-diketone-containing plant waxes. J. Chrom. 157:291–296.Google Scholar
30. Tulloch, A. P. and Bergter, L. 1980. Epicuticular wax composition of Echinochloa crusgalli . Phytochemistry 19:145–146.Google Scholar
31. Van Overbeek, J. and Blondeau, R. 1954. Mode of action of phytotoxic oils. Weeds 3:55–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Wenzel, R. N. 1936. Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Ind. Edn.) 28:988–994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33. Wilson, H. P. and Ilnicki, R. D. 1968. Combinations of oils and surfactants for enhancing the postemergence activity of atrazine in corn. Proc. Northeast. Weed Control Conf. 22:110–114.Google Scholar